Isotopes of manganese

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Naturally occurring manganese (Mn) is composed of 1 stable isotope; ⁵⁵Mn. 18 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being ⁵³Mn with a half-life of 3.7 million years, ⁵⁴Mn with a half-life of 312.3 days, and ⁵²Mn with a half-life of 5.591 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half lives that are less than 3 hours and the majority of these have half lives that are less than 1 minute. This element also has 3 meta states.

Manganese is part of the iron group of elements which are thought to be synthesized in large stars shortly before supernova explosion. ⁵³Mn decays to ⁵³Cr with a half-life of 3.7 million years. Because of its relatively short half-life, ⁵³Mn is an extinct radionuclide. Manganese isotopic contents are typically combined with chromium isotopic contents and have found application in isotope geology and radiometric dating. Mn-Cr isotopic ratios reinforce the evidence from ²⁶Al and ¹⁰⁷Pd for the early history of the solar system. Variations in ⁵³Cr/⁵²Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial ⁵³Mn/⁵⁵Mn ratio that suggests Mn-Cr isotopic systematics must result from in-situ decay of ⁵³Mn in differentiated planetary bodies. Hence ⁵³Mn provides additional evidence for nucleosynthetic processes immediately before coalescence of the solar system.

The isotopes of manganese range in atomic weight from 46 u (⁴⁶Mn) to 65 u (⁶⁵Mn). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ⁵⁵Mn, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay.
Standard atomic mass: 54.938045(5) u

[edit] Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
⁴⁴Mn	25	19	44.00687(54)#	<105 ns	(2-)#
⁴⁵Mn	25	20	44.99451(32)#	<70 ns	(7/2-)#
⁴⁶Mn	25	21	45.98672(12)#	37(3) ms	(4+)
^46mMn	150(100)# keV			1# ms	1-#
⁴⁷Mn	25	22	46.97610(17)#	100(50) ms	5/2-#
⁴⁸Mn	25	23	47.96852(12)	158.1(22) ms	4+
⁴⁹Mn	25	24	48.959618(26)	382(7) ms	5/2-
⁵⁰Mn	25	25	49.9542382(11)	283.29(8) ms	0+
^50mMn	229(7) keV			1.75(3) min	5+
⁵¹Mn	25	26	50.9482108(11)	46.2(1) min	5/2-
⁵²Mn	25	27	51.9455655(21)	5.591(3) d	6+
^52mMn	377.749(5) keV			21.1(2) min	2+
⁵³Mn	25	28	52.9412901(9)	3.74(4)E+6 a	7/2-
⁵⁴Mn	25	29	53.9403589(14)	312.03(3) d	3+
⁵⁵Mn	25	30	54.9380451(7)	STABLE	5/2-	1.0000
⁵⁶Mn	25	31	55.9389049(7)	2.5789(1) h	3+
⁵⁷Mn	25	32	56.9382854(20)	85.4(18) s	5/2-
⁵⁸Mn	25	33	57.93998(3)	3.0(1) s	1+
^58mMn	71.78(5) keV			65.2(5) s	(4)+
⁵⁹Mn	25	34	58.94044(3)	4.59(5) s	(5/2)-
⁶⁰Mn	25	35	59.94291(9)	51(6) s	0+
^60mMn	271.90(10) keV			1.77(2) s	3+
⁶¹Mn	25	36	60.94465(24)	0.67(4) s	(5/2)-
⁶²Mn	25	37	61.94843(24)	671(5) ms	(3+)
^62mMn	0(150)# keV			92(13) ms	(1+)
⁶³Mn	25	38	62.95024(28)	275(4) ms	5/2-#
⁶⁴Mn	25	39	63.95425(29)	88.8(25) ms	(1+)
^64mMn	135(3) keV			>100 µs
⁶⁵Mn	25	40	64.95634(58)	92(1) ms	5/2-#
⁶⁶Mn	25	41	65.96108(43)#	64.4(18) ms
⁶⁷Mn	25	42	66.96414(54)#	45(3) ms	5/2-#
⁶⁸Mn	25	43	67.96930(64)#	28(4) ms
⁶⁹Mn	25	44	68.97284(86)#	14(4) ms	5/2-#

[edit] Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

[edit] References

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.