Isotopes of lutetium
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Naturally occurring lutetium (Lu) is composed of 1 stable isotope Lu-175 (97.41% natural abundance). 33 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being Lu-176 with a half-life of 3.78 × 1010 years (2.59% natural abundance), Lu-174 with a half-life of 3.31 years, and Lu-173 with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half lives that are less than a half an hour. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being Lu-177m (t½ 160.4 days), Lu-174m (t½ 142 days) and Lu-178m (t½ 23.1 minutes).
The isotopes of lutetium range in atomic weight from 149.973 (Lu-150) to 183.961 (Lu-184). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, Lu-175, is electron capture (with some alpha and positron emission), and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before Lu-175 are element 70 (ytterbium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 72 (hafnium) isotopes.
Standard atomic mass: 174.967(1) u
[edit] Table
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | |||||||
| 150Lu | 71 | 79 | 149.97323(54)# | 43(5) ms | (2+) | ||
| 150mLu | 34(15) keV | 80(60) µs [30(+95-15) µs] | (1,2) | ||||
| 151Lu | 71 | 80 | 150.96758(43)# | 80.6(19) ms | (11/2-) | ||
| 151mLu | 77(5) keV | 16(1) µs | (3/2+) | ||||
| 152Lu | 71 | 81 | 151.96412(21)# | 650(70) ms | (5-,6-) | ||
| 153Lu | 71 | 82 | 152.95877(22) | 0.9(2) s | 11/2- | ||
| 153m1Lu | 80(5) keV | 1# s | 1/2+ | ||||
| 153m2Lu | 2502.5(4) keV | >0.1 µs | 23/2- | ||||
| 153m3Lu | 2632.9(5) keV | 15(3) µs | 27/2- | ||||
| 154Lu | 71 | 83 | 153.95752(22)# | 1# s | (2-) | ||
| 154m1Lu | 58(13) keV | 1.12(8) s | (9+) | ||||
| 154m2Lu | >2562 keV | 35(3) µs | (17+) | ||||
| 155Lu | 71 | 84 | 154.954316(22) | 68.6(16) ms | (11/2-) | ||
| 155m1Lu | 20(6) keV | 138(8) ms | (1/2+) | ||||
| 155m2Lu | 1781.0(20) keV | 2.70(3) ms | (25/2-) | ||||
| 156Lu | 71 | 85 | 155.95303(8) | 494(12) ms | (2)- | ||
| 156mLu | 220(80)# keV | 198(2) ms | (9)+ | ||||
| 157Lu | 71 | 86 | 156.950098(20) | 6.8(18) s | (1/2+,3/2+) | ||
| 157mLu | 21.0(20) keV | 4.79(12) s | (11/2-) | ||||
| 158Lu | 71 | 87 | 157.949313(16) | 10.6(3) s | 2- | ||
| 159Lu | 71 | 88 | 158.94663(4) | 12.1(10) s | 1/2+# | ||
| 159mLu | 100(80)# keV | 10# s | 11/2-# | ||||
| 160Lu | 71 | 89 | 159.94603(6) | 36.1(3) s | 2-# | ||
| 160mLu | 0(100)# keV | 40(1) s | |||||
| 161Lu | 71 | 90 | 160.94357(3) | 77(2) s | 1/2+ | ||
| 161mLu | 166(18) keV | 7.3(4) ms | (9/2-) | ||||
| 162Lu | 71 | 91 | 161.94328(8) | 1.37(2) min | (1-) | ||
| 162m1Lu | 120(200)# keV | 1.5 min | 4-# | ||||
| 162m2Lu | 300(200)# keV | 1.9 min | |||||
| 163Lu | 71 | 92 | 162.94118(3) | 3.97(13) min | 1/2(+) | ||
| 164Lu | 71 | 93 | 163.94134(3) | 3.14(3) min | 1(-) | ||
| 165Lu | 71 | 94 | 164.939407(28) | 10.74(10) min | 1/2+ | ||
| 166Lu | 71 | 95 | 165.93986(3) | 2.65(10) min | (6-) | ||
| 166m1Lu | 34.37(5) keV | 1.41(10) min | 3(-) | ||||
| 166m2Lu | 42.9(5) keV | 2.12(10) min | 0(-) | ||||
| 167Lu | 71 | 96 | 166.93827(3) | 51.5(10) min | 7/2+ | ||
| 167mLu | 0(30)# keV | >1 min | 1/2(-#) | ||||
| 168Lu | 71 | 97 | 167.93874(5) | 5.5(1) min | (6-) | ||
| 168mLu | 180(110) keV | 6.7(4) min | 3+ | ||||
| 169Lu | 71 | 98 | 168.937651(6) | 34.06(5) h | 7/2+ | ||
| 169mLu | 29.0(5) keV | 160(10) s | 1/2- | ||||
| 170Lu | 71 | 99 | 169.938475(18) | 2.012(20) d | 0+ | ||
| 170mLu | 92.91(9) keV | 670(100) ms | (4)- | ||||
| 171Lu | 71 | 100 | 170.9379131(30) | 8.24(3) d | 7/2+ | ||
| 171mLu | 71.13(8) keV | 79(2) s | 1/2- | ||||
| 172Lu | 71 | 101 | 171.939086(3) | 6.70(3) d | 4- | ||
| 172m1Lu | 41.86(4) keV | 3.7(5) min | 1- | ||||
| 172m2Lu | 65.79(4) keV | 0.332(20) µs | (1)+ | ||||
| 172m3Lu | 109.41(10) keV | 440(12) µs | (1)+ | ||||
| 172m4Lu | 213.57(17) keV | 150 ns | (6-) | ||||
| 173Lu | 71 | 102 | 172.9389306(26) | 1.37(1) a | 7/2+ | ||
| 173mLu | 123.672(13) keV | 74.2(10) µs | 5/2- | ||||
| 174Lu | 71 | 103 | 173.9403375(26) | 3.31(5) a | (1)- | ||
| 174m1Lu | 170.83(5) keV | 142(2) d | 6- | ||||
| 174m2Lu | 240.818(4) keV | 395(15) ns | (3+) | ||||
| 174m3Lu | 365.183(6) keV | 145(3) ns | (4-) | ||||
| 175Lu | 71 | 104 | 174.9407718(23) | STABLE | 7/2+ | 0.9741(2) | |
| 175m1Lu | 1392.2(6) keV | 984(30) µs | (19/2+) | ||||
| 175m2Lu | 353.48(13) keV | 1.49(7) µs | 5/2- | ||||
| 176Lu | 71 | 105 | 175.9426863(23) | 38.5(7)E+9 a | 7- | 0.0259(2) | |
| 176mLu | 122.855(6) keV | 3.664(19) h | 1- | ||||
| 177Lu | 71 | 106 | 176.9437581(23) | 6.6475(20) d | 7/2+ | ||
| 177m1Lu | 150.3967(10) keV | 130(3) ns | 9/2- | ||||
| 177m2Lu | 569.7068(16) keV | 155(7) µs | 1/2+ | ||||
| 177m3Lu | 970.1750(24) keV | 160.44(6) d | 23/2- | ||||
| 177m4Lu | 3900(10) keV | 7(2) min [6(+3-2) min] | 39/2- | ||||
| 178Lu | 71 | 107 | 177.945955(3) | 28.4(2) min | 1(+) | ||
| 178mLu | 123.8(26) keV | 23.1(3) min | 9(-) | ||||
| 179Lu | 71 | 108 | 178.947327(6) | 4.59(6) h | 7/2(+) | ||
| 179mLu | 592.4(4) keV | 3.1(9) ms | 1/2(+) | ||||
| 180Lu | 71 | 109 | 179.94988(8) | 5.7(1) min | 5+ | ||
| 180m1Lu | 13.9(3) keV | ~1 s | 3- | ||||
| 180m2Lu | 624.0(5) keV | >=1 ms | (9-) | ||||
| 181Lu | 71 | 110 | 180.95197(32)# | 3.5(3) min | (7/2+) | ||
| 182Lu | 71 | 111 | 181.95504(21)# | 2.0(2) min | (0,1,2) | ||
| 183Lu | 71 | 112 | 182.95757(32)# | 58(4) s | (7/2+) | ||
| 184Lu | 71 | 113 | 183.96091(43)# | 20(3) s | (3+) | ||
[edit] Notes
- Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
[edit] References
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
| Isotopes of ytterbium | Isotopes of lutetium | Isotopes of hafnium |
| Index to isotope pages · Table of nuclides | ||
