Isotopes of europium

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Naturally occurring europium is composed of 2 isotopes, ¹⁵¹Eu and ¹⁵³Eu, with ¹⁵³Eu being the most abundant (52.2% natural abundance). While ¹⁵³Eu is stable, ¹⁵¹Eu was recently found to be unstable to alpha decay with half-life of $5_{-3}^{+11}\times 10^{18}$ yr^[1]. Besides natural radioisotope ¹⁵¹Eu, 35 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁵⁰Eu with a half-life of 36.9 years, ¹⁵²Eu with a half-life of 13.516 years, and ¹⁵⁴Eu with a half-life of 8.593 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 4.7612 years, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 12.2 seconds. This element also has 8 meta states, with the most stable being ^150mEu (t_½ 12.8 hours), ^152m1Eu (t_½ 9.3116 hours) and ^152m2Eu (t_½ 96 minutes).

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁵³Eu, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta minus decay. The primary decay products before ¹⁵³Eu are isotopes of samarium (Sm) and the primary products after are isotopes of gadolinium (Gd).
Standard atomic mass: 151.964(1) u

1 Table
- 1.1 Notes
2 References
3 See also

[edit] Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹³⁰Eu	63	67	129.96357(54)#	1.1(5) ms [0.9(+5-3) ms]	2+#
¹³¹Eu	63	68	130.95775(43)#	17.8(19) ms	3/2+
¹³²Eu	63	69	131.95437(43)#	100# ms
¹³³Eu	63	70	132.94924(32)#	200# ms	11/2-#
¹³⁴Eu	63	71	133.94651(21)#	0.5(2) s
¹³⁵Eu	63	72	134.94182(32)#	1.5(2) s	11/2-#
¹³⁶Eu	63	73	135.93960(21)#	3.3(3) s	(7+)
^136mEu	0(500)# keV			3.8(3) s	(3+)
¹³⁷Eu	63	74	136.93557(21)#	8.4(5) s	11/2-#
¹³⁸Eu	63	75	137.93371(3)	12.1(6) s	(6-)
¹³⁹Eu	63	76	138.929792(14)	17.9(6) s	(11/2)-
¹⁴⁰Eu	63	77	139.92809(6)	1.51(2) s	1+
^140mEu	210(15) keV			125(2) ms	5-#
¹⁴¹Eu	63	78	140.924931(14)	40.7(7) s	5/2+
^141mEu	96.45(7) keV			2.7(3) s	11/2-
¹⁴²Eu	63	79	141.92343(3)	2.36(10) s	1+
^142mEu	460(30) keV			1.223(8) min	8-
¹⁴³Eu	63	80	142.920298(12)	2.59(2) min	5/2+
^143mEu	389.51(4) keV			50.0(5) µs	11/2-
¹⁴⁴Eu	63	81	143.918817(12)	10.2(1) s	1+
^144mEu	1127.6(6) keV			1.0(1) µs	(8-)
¹⁴⁵Eu	63	82	144.916265(4)	5.93(4) d	5/2+
^145mEu	716.0(3) keV			490 ns	11/2-
¹⁴⁶Eu	63	83	145.917206(7)	4.61(3) d	4-
^146mEu	666.37(16) keV			235(3) µs	9+
¹⁴⁷Eu	63	84	146.916746(3)	24.1(6) d	5/2+
¹⁴⁸Eu	63	85	147.918086(11)	54.5(5) d	5-
¹⁴⁹Eu	63	86	148.917931(5)	93.1(4) d	5/2+
¹⁵⁰Eu	63	87	149.919702(7)	36.9(9) a	5(-)
^150mEu	42.1(5) keV			12.8(1) h	0-
¹⁵¹Eu	63	88	150.9198502(26)	5×10¹⁸ a	5/2+	0.4781(6)
^151mEu	196.245(10) keV			58.9(5) µs	11/2-
¹⁵²Eu	63	89	151.9217445(26)	13.537(6) a	3-
^152m1Eu	45.5998(4) keV			9.3116(13) h	0-
^152m2Eu	65.2969(4) keV			0.94(8) µs	1-
^152m3Eu	78.2331(4) keV			165(10) ns	1+
^152m4Eu	89.8496(4) keV			384(10) ns	4+
^152m5Eu	147.86(10) keV			96(1) min	8-
¹⁵³Eu	63	90	152.9212303(26)	STABLE	5/2+	0.5219(6)
¹⁵⁴Eu	63	91	153.9229792(26)	8.593(4) a	3-
^154m1Eu	145.3(3) keV			46.3(4) min	(8-)
^154m2Eu	68.1702(4) keV			2.2(1) µs	2+
¹⁵⁵Eu	63	92	154.9228933(27)	4.7611(13) a	5/2+
¹⁵⁶Eu	63	93	155.924752(6)	15.19(8) d	0+
¹⁵⁷Eu	63	94	156.925424(6)	15.18(3) h	5/2+
¹⁵⁸Eu	63	95	157.92785(8)	45.9(2) min	(1-)
¹⁵⁹Eu	63	96	158.929089(8)	18.1(1) min	5/2+
¹⁶⁰Eu	63	97	159.93197(22)#	38(4) s	1(-)
¹⁶¹Eu	63	98	160.93368(32)#	26(3) s	5/2+#
¹⁶²Eu	63	99	161.93704(32)#	10.6(10) s
¹⁶³Eu	63	100	162.93921(54)#	6# s	5/2+#
¹⁶⁴Eu	63	101	163.94299(64)#	2# s
¹⁶⁵Eu	63	102	164.94572(75)#	1# s	5/2+#
¹⁶⁶Eu	63	103	165.94997(86)#	400# ms
¹⁶⁷Eu	63	104	166.95321(86)#	200# ms	5/2+#

[edit] Notes

Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

[edit] References

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[edit] See also

^ Search for α decay of natural Europium, P. Belli, R. Bernabei, F. Cappell, R. Cerulli, C.J. Dai, F.A. Danevich, A. d'Angelo, A. Incicchitti, V.V. Kobychev, S.S. Nagorny, S. Nisi, F. Nozzoli, D. Prosperi, V.I. Tretyak, and S.S. Yurchenko, Nucl. Phys. A 789, 15 (2007) doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.001

Isotopes of samarium	Isotopes of europium	Isotopes of gadolinium
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Isotopes of europium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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[edit] References

[edit] See also

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