Ipratropium

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Ipratropium
Systematic (IUPAC) name
[8-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)- 8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate
Identifiers
CAS number	60205-81-4
ATC code	R01AX03 R03BB01
PubChem	43232
DrugBank	APRD00537
Chemical data
Formula	C20H30NO3
Mol. mass	332.457 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Protein binding	0 to 9% in vitro
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	2 hours
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B(US)
Legal status	POM(UK)
Routes	Inhalation

Ipratropium (as ipratropium bromide, trade name Atrovent) is an anticholinergic drug administered by inhalation for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. It acts by blocking muscarinic receptors in the lung, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. It is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, and does not diffuse into the blood, which prevents systemic side effects. Ipratropium is a derivative of atropine^[1] but is a quaternary amine and therefore does not cross the blood-brain barrier, which prevents central side effects (anticholinergic syndrome).

Ipratropium is also combined with albuterol (salbutamol) (trade names Combivent and Duoneb) for the management of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Ipratropium is also combined with fenoterol (trade names Duovent and Berodual N) for the management of asthma.

If Ipratropium is inhaled, side effects resembling other anticholinergics are minimal. However, dry mouth and sedation have been reported.

[edit] Sources

• Brenner, G. M. (2000). Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7757-6
• Canadian Pharmacists Association (2000). Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (25th ed.). Toronto, ON: Webcom. ISBN 0-919115-76-4
• Boehringer Ingelheim

[edit] Footnotes

1. ^ Yamatake Y, Sasagawa S, Yanaura S, Okamiya Y (1977). "[Antiallergic asthma effect of ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000) in dogs (author's transl)]" (in Japanese). Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 73 (7): 785-91. PMID 145994. 

v • d • e Decongestants and other nasal preparations (R01) Topical: sympathomimetics, plain Cyclopentamine - Ephedrine - Phenylephrine - Oxymetazoline - Tetryzoline - Xylometazoline - Naphazoline - Tramazoline - Metizoline - Tuaminoheptane - Fenoxazoline - Tymazoline - Epinephrine Topical: antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids Cromoglicic acid - Levocabastine - Azelastine - Antazoline - Spaglumic acid - Thonzylamine - Nedocromil - Olopatadine Topical: corticosteroids Beclometasone - Prednisolone - Dexamethasone - Flunisolide - Budesonide - Betamethasone - Tixocortol - Fluticasone - Mometasone furoate - Triamcinolone - Ciclesonide Topical: other nasal preparations Calcium hexamine thiocyanate - Retinol - Ipratropium bromide - Ritiometan - Mupirocin - Hexamidine - Framycetin Systemic use: Sympathomimetics Phenylpropanolamine - Pseudoephedrine - Phenylephrine

v • d • e Drugs for obstructive airway diseases: asthma/COPD (R03) Adrenergics, inhalants Short acting β2-agonists: Salbutamol/Levosalbutamol • Fenoterol • Terbutaline • Pirbuterol • Procaterol • Bitolterol • Rimiterol • Carbuterol • Tulobuterol • Reproterol Long acting β2-agonists (LABA): Arformoterol • Bambuterol • Clenbuterol • Formoterol • Salmeterol Ultra LABA: Indacaterol other: Epinephrine • Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) • Orciprenaline (Metaproterenol) Glucocorticoids Beclometasone • Budesonide • Ciclesonide • Fluticasone • Mometasone Anticholinergics Ipratropium • Tiotropium Mast cell stabilizers Cromoglicate • Nedocromil Xanthines Aminophylline • Theobromine • Theophylline Leukotriene antagonists Montelukast • Pranlukast • Zafirlukast Lipoxygenase inhibitor Zileuton Combination products Budesonide/formoterol • Fluticasone/salmeterol • Ipratropium/salbutamol