Ionospheric reflection

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Ionospheric reflection: Of electromagnetic waves propagating in the ionosphere, a redirection, i.e., bending--by a complex process involving reflection and refraction--of the waves back toward the Earth.

Note: The amount of bending depends on the extent of penetration (which is a function of frequency), the angle of incidence, polarization of the wave, and ionospheric conditions, such as the ionization density. It is negatively affected by incidents of ionospheric absorption.

This article contains material from the Federal Standard 1037C, which, as a work of the United States Government, is in the public domain.