Ionospheric heater

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An ionospheric heater is an array of antennas which are used for heating the ionosphere, and which can create artificial aurora borealis.

[edit] Current facilities

The United States has three ionospheric heating facilities: the HAARP, the HIPAS, near Fairbanks, Alaska, and (currently offline for modifications) one at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.

The European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) operates an ionospheric heating facility, capable of transmitting over 1 GW [1] [2] (1,000,000,000 watts) effective radiated power (ERP), near Tromsø in Norway.

Russia has the Sura ionospheric heating facility, in Vasilsursk near Nizhniy Novgorod, capable of transmitting 190 MW ERP.