Talk:Intellectual virtue

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Aristotle does not use 'episteme' to name empirical knowledge, as the page says; for Aristotle episteme is knowledge of what cannot be otherwise (Nicomachean Ethics 1139b), of what is always or (at the very least) for the most part true (Metaphysics 1027a). It is therefore not empirical; it is not based on observation or experience or changing things but in fact explicitly opposed to such knowledge. Rather episteme, for Aristotle, is timeless knowledge that can be demonstrated from first principles, i.e., it is deductive.