Interstate 96

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Interstate 96
Main route of the Interstate Highway System
Length: 192.032 mi[1] (309.046 km)
Formed: 1959 (completed 1977)
West end: US-31 near Muskegon
Major
junctions:		 US-131 near Grand Rapids
I-69 near Lansing
US-23 near Brighton
I-275 in Livonia
East end: I-75 in Detroit
Michigan highways
< M-95 M-96 >
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Interstate 96, abbreviated I-96, is an intrastate Interstate highway that is entirely within the U.S. state of Michigan. Its western terminus is at an interchange with US-31 and US-31 BR, on the western boundary of Norton Shores southeast of Muskegon. Its eastern terminus is at I-75 near the Ambassador Bridge in Detroit. From Detroit to Grand Rapids, it parallels Grand River Avenue, never straying more than a few miles from the deleted US-16.

The Wayne County portion of I-96 was originally named the Jeffries Freeway from its eastern terminus to the junction with I-275 and M-14 and was signed as such until Michigan removed proper names from Interstate guide signs in the 1980s. Though many area residents still refer to the freeway as "The Jeffries," the portion within the city of Detroit was renamed by the state legislature as the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway in December, 2005[2].

Contents

[edit] Route description

 Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
Major cities
All cities are control cities for I-96.[3]
I-96 east at Davison Avenue, the east end of the local/express split
I-96 east at Davison Avenue, the east end of the local/express split

Interstate 96 begins with a 3/4 cloverleaf interchange with U.S. 31 in Norton Shores, Michigan, near Muskegon. From the start, the highway has a grassy median and 2 lanes in each direction. I-96 starts off by traveling southeast for a distance of around 10 miles (16 km) until it reaches Nunica. At this point, it turns in an east-southeastern direction for 25 total miles until it reaches the city of Grand Rapids. Shortly before reaching Grand Rapids, I-96 intersects U.S. Route 131 and crosses over the Grand River for the first time. About 3 miles (4.8 km) after passing US-131, I-96 travels south for around 3 miles (4.8 km) until the junction with Interstate 196, a branch route of I-96 which begins in Grand Rapids and terminates at Interstate 94 near Benton Harbor. For the next 10 miles (16 km), I-96 travels in a southeast direction. During this section, the highway currently has weave merge lanes which expand the freeway to 4 lanes at points. After leaving Grand Rapids, I-96 runs due east for approximately 25 miles (40 km). I-96 then turns southeast near Portland, crosses over the Grand River for a second time, and continues in a southeast direction for 18 miles (29 km). I-96 then merges with Interstate 69 outside of Lansing, and the two highways are co-signed for the next 6.5 miles (10.5 km) traveling due south. While I-96 is co-signed with I-69, Interstate 496 branches off the highway and travels through Lansing until it meets I-96 again south of Lansing. After I-69 splits off I-96 southwest of Lansing, I-96 has a short 2-mile (3.2 km) leg where it travels southeast, after which it travels east-southeast for approximately 30 miles (48 km). Near Farmington, I-96 turns southward and merges with Interstate 275; Interstate 696 branches off at this junction and runs east to Interstate 94. I-96 is co-signed with I-275 for about 7.5 miles (12.1 km). In Livonia, I-96 splits off of I-275 and turns eastward towards Detroit. After the Outer Drive exit, express lanes begin in both directions. Three miles from where I-96 enters Detroit is a massive interchange with M-39/Southfield Freeway, which is called "Malfunction Junction" by some locals. I-96 turns southeast here and enters Detroit, where it becomes known as the Rosa Parks Memorial Freeway. I-96 intersects Interstate 94 within Detroit. Two miles after the I-94 interchange, I-96 reaches its eastern terminus at Interstate 75/Fisher Freeway.

[edit] Lane configurations

  • between western terminus and I-196 (2 lanes on each side)
  • between I-196 and M-21 (3 lanes on each side; the right-most of the 3 eastbound lanes is actually an auxiliary lane connecting the on-ramp from 196 with the off-ramp to M-21)
  • between M-21 and milepost 86 (2 lanes on each side)
  • between milepost 86 and north-end merge with I-69 (3 WB, 2 EB lanes)
  • through the concurrency with I-69 (miles 90-97) on the west side of Lansing, MI (3 lanes on each side)
  • between south I-69 split and M-59 near Howell (2 lanes on each side)
  • between M-59 and I-275 (3 lanes on each side)
  • transition from I-696 onto I-275 (2 through lanes each way)
  • concurrent with I-275 (4 lanes on each side, very short segment of 5 each side on approach to I-696/I-275/M-5 interchange)
  • ramps carrying I-96 from I-275 to Jeffries Freeway (2 lanes on each side)
  • between M-14 and Outer Drive (4 lanes on each side)
  • between Outer Drive and Davison Avenue (2+ local, 3 express; on each side)
  • between Davison Avenue and eastern terminus (4 lanes on each side)
  • See M-5 for the lane configurations of the leftover stub after I-96 joins I-275.

[edit] History

Interstate 96 was mostly constructed in sections that opened from 1957 to 1962, but it was not completed in the Detroit area until 1977. Even before the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act was signed in 1956,[citation needed] the route was being planned as a replacement of the old U.S. Highway 16, which was deleted in 1962.

[edit] Beginnings

See also: Grand River Avenue and U.S. Highway 16 (Michigan)

The Lake Michigan-Grand Rapids-Lansing-Detroit corridor was initially the Grand River Trail, an Indian trail that was designated as a military highway in 1832. Detroit changed the name of its portion of the road to Grand River Avenue in 1871, a name which soon spread along the rest of the route. It became M-16 in 1918, and was the first paved highway across the state when paving was completed in 1926.[4][5] The entire highway was designated as part of US-16 later that year.[6]

1958 numbering plan for Michigan's Interstates
1958 numbering plan for Michigan's Interstates

East of Grand Rapids, the highway was a major artery of national importance, and was added to the proposed "Interregional Highway System" as part of a northern route between Chicago and Detroit by the 1940s.[7] A branch from Grand Rapids to Muskegon was added later that decade,[8] and in 1957 the Chicago-Detroit route was labeled as part of Interstate 94, with Interstate 94N on the spur to Muskegon.[9] Michigan, believing that this would "cause considerable confusion to the public", requested a change in April 1958, which would move I-94 to the shorter Kalamazoo route (which was planned as I-92), make the Muskegon-Kalamazoo route I-96, and assign I-67 to the connection from I-94 to I-96 at Grand Rapids,[10] but this was initially rejected by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO).[11] By early 1959, Michigan's plan had been approved, with one change: I-96 would take the south leg from I-94 at Benton Harbor to Grand Rapids, and the north leg to Muskegon would be I-196.[12]

Construction of the Brighton-Farmington Expressway piece of the US-16 upgrade began in 1956,[13] and, when a four-mile (6 km) piece opened on August 1, 1957, it was the first section of funded Interstate to open in Michigan.[14] The entire 23-mile (37 km) expressway from east of Brighton to a bypass of Farmington was completed in December of that year.[15] By early 1959, when signs for I-96 and I-196 were posted, 59 miles (95 km) of the "Detroit-Muskegon Freeway" had been completed and marked as US-16.[16] With the opening of 51 miles (82 km) from west of Lansing to east of Howell, the entire route, except in the Detroit area, was opened for travel on December 12, 1962.[17] US-16 was deleted at that time;[18] the portions into Muskegon and Detroit, beyond the ends of the freeway, became Interstate 196 Business and Interstate 96 Business.[19]

In 1963, the Michigan State Highway Department petitioned AASHO to again make the change it had requested back in 1958, moving I-96 over I-196 to end at Muskegon and renumbering I-96 west of Grand Rapids to I-67. The state cited problems with destination signing and numerous complaints from the public about confusion caused by the numbering.[20] At their October 21, 1963 meeting, AASHO approved the relocation of I-96, but rejected I-67, stating that the number should be kept for a more major route in case the system is expanded, and instead assigned I-196 to the not-yet-complete Benton Harbor-Grand Rapids route.[21] (As of 2007, I-67 is the largest odd number not in use.) With the completion of the Lodge Freeway on October 29, 1964, a full freeway route was available from I-96 into downtown Detroit via I-696 and the Lodge,[22] but it would be some time before I-96 was finished into the city.

[edit] Construction of the Jeffries Freeway

The Detroit Expressway and Transit System plan, prepared in 1945 for the city of Detroit, included a Grand River Expressway, which was to parallel Grand River Avenue into downtown and relieve congestion on that artery. A rail line would be built in the median of the freeway west of West Chicago Street, where streetcars would exit onto the existing surface tracks on Grand River Avenue into downtown. The plan called for a future conversion to rapid transit with a grade-separated route to downtown.[23] The Department of Street Railways determined in 1947 that the operation would cost $6 million per year, and the planned transit line was dropped from the plans. By 1961, the proposed highway was renamed the Jeffries Freeway, after Edward Jeffries, who served as Detroit mayor from 1940 to 1948.[24][25]

The first piece of the Jeffries Freeway connected the Fisher Freeway (I-75) with the Ford Freeway (I-94) in 1970. It was extended northwest to Livernois Avenue (exit 188A) in 1971, and then to Grand River Avenue at Schaefer Highway (exit 185) in 1973.[citation needed] In 1976, the freeway was extended west to the Southfield Freeway (exit 183), and the entire I-275 overlap section was opened.[26] The final piece was completed in 1977, connecting the Detroit section to I-275.[27]

Originally, the route of Interstate 96 from the east end of the existing freeway in Farmington through Detroit, named the Jeffries Freeway (commonly referred to as simply "the Jeffries"), was to closely parallel Grand River Avenue (formerly U.S. 16). However, by 1963, several freeway revolts were taking place in urban locations throughout the country, including Detroit. Several of Detroit's planned freeways were modified, scaled back, or outright cancelled, and the Jeffries was no exception. To minimize the impact to existing communities and businesses, it was decided that the freeway would no longer utilize the Grand River Avenue corridor.[28] Instead, the new Interstate 96 freeway corridor would partially use the C&O Railroad right of way through the city of Livonia, and utilize the planned Interstate 275 freeway bypassing Detroit to the west to connect back to the existing freeway.[29]

The Jeffries Freeway (not yet signed as Interstate 96) was opened in stages in the early-1970s. The first two segments, opened in 1970 and 1971, connected Interstate 75 to Interstate 94, and Interstate 94 to Livernois Avenue, respectively.[30] The full freeway-to-freeway connection ramps to the planned Davison Freeway were opened in 1973, in another extension of the Jeffries Freeway to Grand River Avenue.[30] In 1975, the Jeffries was completed westward to the Southfield Freeway (M-39), and, about this time, the Jeffries Freeway was signed as Interstate 96, leaving a gap in the routing between Farmington and the M-39 interchange.[30]

When a portion of the new Interstate 275 freeway opened from the existing Interstate 96 to the Schoolcraft Avenue in 1976, it was still not signed as Interstate 96. In 1977, the final portion of the Jeffries Freeway through Livonia (from Interstate 275 east to the end of the existing Jeffries Freeway) opened to traffic, and with that, the final segment of Interstate 96 in general.[31] The Interstate 96 routing was assigned along the Interstate 275 freeway south to the Jeffries Freeway, and eastward along the new freeway to the M-39 interchange, and the remaining stub of Interstate 96 around Farmington was redesignated as an extension of M-102 (now M-5).

[edit] Subsequent history

Since the completion of Interstate 96 in 1977, several expansions of the freeway have taken place, including the addition of a third lane in each direction for most of the eastern half of the route. Beginning in 1984, a southerly extension of the U.S. 27 freeway (later to become Interstate 69) bypassing Lansing opened; U.S. 27 was then co-signed with Interstate 96 along the western side of Lansing. Three years later, the Interstate 69 designation was applied to this new bypass, resulting in a rare triple-concurrency (I-96/I-69/U.S. 27) that existed until 2002, when U.S. 27 was deleted in Michigan.[30]

On January 12, 2005, a massive pile-up consisting of over 200 motor vehicles occurred in both directions of Interstate 96 near Williamston in Ingham County. Two people, Douglas James Baker (age 15) and Jason Eldridge (age 27) were killed in the incident, one of the largest multi-vehicle collisions in U.S. history, which was blamed on heavy fog.[32]

From 2003 to 2005, the Beck Road interchange (exit 160) in Novi was reconstructed as a Single Point Urban Interchange (SPUI), the first in the metropolitan Detroit area and the first on Interstate 96, at a cost of $46 million.[33] A similar reconstruction is currently planned for the nearby Wixom Road interchange.[34]

[edit] Future

While Interstate 96 is, for the most part, a complete route, there are a few minor changes planned or being considered for the future.

[edit] Ambassador Bridge connection

At this time, there is no direct freeway access to the Ambassador Bridge at the United States/Canada border; only a short surface street connection exists between the bridges' approaches and the nearby Interstates 75 and 96. The construction of an Interstate connection between I-75 and the bridge was mandated by the 1998 National Highway System Act; this most likely would take the form of an easterly extension of Interstate 96 directly to the bridge.[35] However, the actual construction of this connection faces several obstacles, including the projected high cost and local impact.[34]

Despite the past obstacles, plans to make Interstate 96 accessible to the Ambassador Bridge are currently underway. Beginning in 2008, the Michigan Department of Transportation will embark on a near two year project to realign the interchange between Interstate 75 and Interstate 96 near Downtown Detroit. The project will include a new pedestrian walk, as well as both freeways having a direct link to the Ambassador bridge, eliminating the pedestrian linkage to the bridge. The project is expected to be completed in late 2009.[36]

[edit] Additional interchanges

Currently, another interchange at Latson Road in Howell is planned and under study, pending right of way acquisition. This interchange would bring improved access to the eastern Howell area, which is currently only accessible from westbound Interstate 96.[37]

The reconstruction of the Wixom Road interchange near Novi as a Single Point Urban Interchange is also planned in the future.[38]

[edit] Grand Rapids area work

 This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007)

The eastbound remodel starts north of Leonard St. Leonard St exit will be realigned and a new loop entrance ramp from Leonard to I-96 eastbound replaces the existing entrance. At the point where the present entrance from Leonard merges with the interstate, a new single lane exit to I-196 Westbound will be built at level ground. After the I-196 exit, the present freeway will be used as the M-37/M-44 exit ramp and a new 2 lane freeway will be constructed in the median. Through lanes and exit lanes will be built on level ground, passing under a new westbound 3-lane I-196 bridge before new Eastbound I-196 traveling lanes merge into the through lanes. I-96 passes under a widened M-37/M-44 bridge with 4 lanes and increases to 5 lanes with the M-37/M-44 entrance ramp. After passing over a railroad with an expanded bridge, I-96 drops 2 lanes for exits with M-21 (Fulton St). The present exit to eastbound M-21 will be retained in all aspects and a new exit to westbound M-21 built. An improved Michigan Left turn will be built about 100 feet (30 m) west of the present one for the connection from westbound M-21 to eastbound I-96. A new entrance from eastbound M-21 to eastbound I-96 will be built using almost all of the right of way. This section also adds a third eastbound traveling lane along with a weave merge lane to Cascade Rd. This ends the eastbound remodel.

Exit and Entry ramps from new (2006) 36th Street I-96 Interchange
Exit and Entry ramps from new (2006) 36th Street I-96 Interchange

The westbound remodel begins where the eastbound ends at Cascade Road. The entrance ramp from Cascade Road adds a westbound weave merge lane. A new westbound exit from the interstate to both east and west M-21 will be built. A minor adjustment of the present intersection maybe required but a new signal will be installed. Some right of way will be acquired to facilitate this new ramp and the retaining wall. When it passes over the railroad on its way to the M-37/M-44 interchange it will have a widened bridge for the new traveling lane. The present weave merge lane will be kept between M-21 and M-37/M-44. A modified exit ramp will be done for M-37/M-44. Just before the freeway goes under the bridge a new 2 lane freeway splits off from itself to move vehicles pass Leonard and all the weaving and merging from M-37/M-44, I-196, and Leonard St. This will take the two left lanes of traffic. After the split the current freeway alignment will be used as a weave and merge lanes. The next paragraph details all of the merging and weaving of that section.

The first merging traffic comes from North M-37/M-44 which place M-37 onto I-96 until Alpine Ave. The next merging traffic comes from South M-44. This will only require an addition of one lane. Midway between the M-37/M-44 and Leonard stretch of freeway the I-196 exit ramp will be built using a new bridge, with the exit around the present location. This bridge will carry 3 lanes of traffic and will be the official start of that interstate. The I-96 weave merge lane will be reduced at this point to 2 lanes. The 2nd lane on the right will be used as a splitter with traffic either staying on I-96 or going to I-196. This will give the southbound M-44 entrance ramp about the same amount of distance to merge into the 2nd lane to get onto I-196. After less than a quarter mile one lane of traffic will be split off and merged with new I-96 through lanes midway between Leonard and the splitting point. After that the new Eastbound I-196 to Westbound I-96 exit will be merged with the single weave merge lane just before Leonard St bridge. That exit ramp will go over 7 sets of freeway traffic using one long bridge. After the bridge the weave merge lanes will use the present Leonard St exit then become a single lane until the present Leonard St entrance ramp merges with it. After that merging it will finally merge with I-96 traffic. A final note is that the 2 lanes of through traffic for I-96 will use the present freeway at the point it gets a merging lane with the weave merge before Leonard. At that point an additional lane of traffic will be added to the present freeway.

The ability to add lanes between the present freeways in the median is possible since the width of the grassy median is over 50 feet (15 m).

[edit] Exit list

County Location Mile[1] # Destinations Notes
Muskegon Norton Shores 0.000
US-31 BR north – Downtown Muskegon		 Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
0.000 1 US-31 / Airline Road – Grand Haven, Ludington Signed as exits 1A (south) and 1B (north)
Fruitport Township 0.293 1C Hile Road Eastbound exit and entrance only; westbound access is at exit 1A
3.517 4 Airline Road – Fruitport
5.100 5 Fruitport Road – Fruitport Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Ottawa Crockery Township 9.292 9 M-104 – Grand Haven, Spring Lake Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
10.081 10 B-31 – Nunica
Coopersville 15.991 16 B-35 – Coopersville, Eastmanville
18.584 19 Lamont, Coopersville
Wright Township 22.805 23 Marne
Tallmadge Township 23.939-
24.215		 24 M-11 / 8th Avenue, 4 Mile Road – Walker, Grandville
Kent Walker 26.430 27 Fruit Ridge Avenue
28.367 28 Walker Avenue
30.295 30 M-37 north (Alpine Avenue) – Newaygo West end of M-37 overlap; signed as exits 30A (south) and 30B (north) westbound
30.711-
31.440		 31 US-131 (I-296 south) – Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Big Rapids, Cadillac Signed as exits 31A (south) and 31B (north)
Grand Rapids 33.063 33
M-44 Conn. (Plainfield Avenue)
36.533 36 Leonard Street
37.073 37 I-196 (GR Ford Freeway) – Downtown Grand Rapids, Holland Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
37.801 38 M-37 south / M-44 (East Belt Line Avenue) to M-21 East end of M-37 overlap
Grand Rapids Township 38.687-
38.788		 39 M-21 – Lowell, Flint Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
40.014 40 Cascade Road – Cascade Signed as exits 40A (west) and 40B (east); former US-16
Cascade Township 42.986 43 M-11 west (28th Street) – Cascade Signed as exits 43A (west) and 43B (east)
44.165-
44.174		 44 36th Street
45.776-
46.015		 46 M-6 to M-37
Lowell Township 52.303 52 M-50 – Charlotte, Lowell
Ionia Boston Township 58.912 59 Saranac, Clarksville
Berlin Township 64.429 64 Saranac, Lake Odessa
67.427 67 M-66 – Ionia, Battle Creek
Orange Township
73.291 73 Portland Road, Grand River Avenue – Lyons, Muir
Portland 76.071 76 Kent Street
77.493 77 I-96 BS (Grand River Avenue) – Portland
Clinton Eagle 83.617 84 Westphalia, Eagle
Eagle Township 86.273 86 M-100 (Wright Road) – Grand Ledge
Watertown Township 89.670 89 I-69 east – Flint Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
90.040 90 I-96 BL east (Grand River Avenue)
90.466 91 I-69 east – Flint Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
West end of I-69 overlap
Eaton Delta Township 93.118 93 M-43 / I-69 BL east (Saginaw Highway) – Grand Ledge
94.579-
94.815		 95 I-496 – Downtown Lansing
East end of I-69 overlap
96.667-
96.687		 97 I-69 south – Charlotte, Fort Wayne
Windsor Township 97.847-
97.858		 98 Lansing Road Signed as exits 98A (south) and 98B (north); former US-27
Ingham Lansing 101.425 101 M-99 (M L King Boulevard) – Eaton Rapids
104.395-
104.404		 104 I-96 BL west (Cedar Street) – Holt
Delhi Township 106.490-
106.518		 106 I-496 / US-127 – Jackson, East Lansing, Downtown Lansing Signed as exits 106A (south) and 106B (north)
Alaiedon Township 109.732 110 Okemos, Mason
Wheatfield Township 117.504 117 Dansville, Williamston Signed as exits 117A (Dansville) and 117B (Williamston) eastbound
Webberville 121.914 122 M-43 / M-52 – Webberville, Stockbridge
Livingston Fowlerville 128.493 129 Fowlerville
Howell Township 133.305 133 M-59 / I-96 BL east (Highland Road) – Howell, Pontiac
Howell 136.799 137 D-19 – Howell, Pinckney
Genoa Township 141.218 141 I-96 BL west – Howell Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Brighton 145.130 145 Grand River Avenue – Brighton
Brighton Township 146.768 147 Spencer Road – Brighton
147.578-
147.755		 148 US-23 – Ann Arbor, Flint Signed as exits 148A (south) and 148B (north)
149.458 150 Pleasant Valley Road Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
151.056 151 Kensington Road
Oakland Lyon Township 152.887 153 Kent Lake Road – South Lyon
154.900 155 New Hudson, South Lyon, Milford Signed as exits 155A (New Hudson) and 155B (Milford) westbound
Wixom 159.236 159 Wixom Road – Wixom, Walled Lake
Novi 160.299-
160.313		 160 Beck Road – Novi
162.413 162 Walled Lake, Novi, Northville
163.381 163 I-696 / M-5 east / Grand River Avenue – Port Huron Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
West end of I-275 overlap
163.818 164 M-5 north / 12 Mile Road Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
Farmington Hills 164.964 165 I-696 / M-5 / Grand River Avenue – Port Huron Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
167.383 167 8 Mile Road – Northville
Wayne Livonia
168.440 169 7 Mile Road Signed as exits 169A (west) and 169B (east) westbound
169.438 170 6 Mile Road
Plymouth Township East end of I-275 overlap
170.503-
171.610		 I-275 south / M-14 – Toledo, Ann Arbor
Livonia 172.365 173 Newburgh Road, Levan Road Signed as exits 173A (Newburgh Road) and 173B (Levan Road) westbound
174.366 174 Farmington Road
175.369 175 Merriman Road
176.374 176 Middlebelt Road
177.372 177 Inkster Road
Redford Township
178.341 178 Beech Daly Road
179.303-
179.345		 179 US-24 (Telegraph Road)
Detroit 180.328-
180.355		 180 Outer Drive
West end of express lanes
181.488 182 Evergreen Road
182.527-
182.559		 183 M-39 (Southfield Freeway) Additional westbound exit and eastbound entrance on the express lanes
183.505-
183.515		 184 Greenfield Road
184.575-
184.700		 185 Schaefer Highway, Grand River Avenue (M-5)
185.579-
185.586		 186A Wyoming Avenue
East end of express lanes
185.935-
186.141		 186B Davison Avenue (M-8)
186.996 187 Grand River Avenue Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
187.452-
187.880		 188 Livernois Avenue, West Chicago Avenue, Joy Road Signed as exits 188A (Livernois Avenue, West Chicago Avenue) and 188B (Joy Road) westbound
189.070-
189.107		 189 Tireman Avenue, West Grand Boulevard
189.791-
189.818		 190A I-94 – Port Huron, Chicago
190.093 190B Warren Avenue
190.857-
191.233		 191 US-12 (Michigan Avenue) / M L King Jr. Boulevard No exit number westbound
190.933 I-75 north / M-10 – Flint, Civic Center Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
191.966 47B Porter Street – Ambassador Bridge to Canada Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
192.032 I-75 south (Fisher Freeway) – Toledo Eastbound exit and westbound entrance

[edit] Miscellanea

 Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines.
The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.
  • I-96 was originally intended to shadow Grand River Avenue within Detroit's city limits and was actually completed along this route into Farmington. Local opposition killed this project, so prior to the Jeffries opening through Livonia in the 1977, I-96 was relocated onto it. The Farmington stub was redesignated as an extension to M-102 and now bears the designation of M-5.
  • Furthermore when the interchange with Davison Avenue (present day exit 186) was constructed, it was expected that the Davison Freeway was to be extended to meet up with the Jeffries. Accordingly it was built as a full freeway-to-freeway interchange, but before the Jeffries was completed both the Davison extension was cancelled and I-96 was rerouted. This left both an interchange far larger than traffic dictates and I-96 following an elbow that has it intersecting with the straight Grand River Ave. twice within two miles (3 km).
  • MDOT and the FHWA disagree on the designation of the Livonia to Farmington Hills stretch of I-96. MDOT signs this 6-mile (10 km) segment as a concurrency with I-275. However, FHWA maintains that I-275's northern terminus is at the I-96/M-14 intersection near Plymouth and therefore this stretch should only be labeled I-96. Although the mile markers and exit numbers continue with I-96's sequence, local residents tend to refer to this leg of I-96 primarily as I-275; the designation distinctly separates the Jeffries Freeway portion of I-96 from the portion of the highway west of I-696.
  • The original law renaming the Detroit portion of I-96 to the "Rosa Parks Memorial Highway" was actually incorrect as it referred to M-24—which I-96 never intersects—instead of US-24.[39] Nevertheless, MDOT was able to figure it out and erect the signs anyhow. The statue was amended a year later to correct the mistake.[2]

[edit] Auxiliary routes

I-96 has four auxiliary routes, connecting the highway to downtowns and other cities. Interstate 196 is a relatively long route, beginning at I-96 east of downtown Grand Rapids and heading west through downtown to Holland, and then south to I-94 near Benton Harbor. The unsigned Interstate 296 connects I-96 north of downtown Grand Rapids with I-196 in downtown, and is signed as US-131. Interstate 496 is a loop through downtown Lansing, which I-96 bypasses to the south, and Interstate 696 is a northern bypass of Detroit, connecting I-96 in Novi with I-75 in Royal Oak and I-94 in St. Clair Shores.

Interstate 96 presently has two business routes: a loop through Lansing and a loop through Howell. Both follow the old route of US-16, with appropriate connections to I-96. A spur into Muskegon once existed, overlapping part of US-31 BR along former US-16,[40] but it has been eliminated. Two routes in the Detroit area - a loop through Farmington and a spur into Detroit, both using Grand River Avenue, and meeting at the temporary end of I-96 near Purdue Avenue, were eliminated when I-96 was moved to the completed Jeffries Freeway in 1977.[41] On 2007-10-31, a spur into Portland was decommissioned and turned back to the City of Portland.[42]

v • d • e
Auxiliary routes of Interstate 96

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Michigan Department of Transportation, PR Finder, accessed October 2007
  2. ^ a b MICHIGAN MEMORIAL HIGHWAY ACT (EXCERPT) Act 142 of 2001, 250.1098 Rosa Parks Memorial Highway. Michigan Legislature (accessed August 18, 2006)
  3. ^ Interstate Highway Control Cities (2004). Retrieved on 2006-12-04.
  4. ^ LeRoy Barnett, Wayne State University Press, A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan, 2004, p. 93
  5. ^ Michigan State University Map Library, From Footpaths to Freeways: The Evolution of Michigan Road Maps, Part 5: Standardization of Road Markings, including a 1919 state trunkline map, accessed October 2007
  6. ^ United States System of Highways, November 11, 1926
  7. ^ Public Roads Administration, Routes of the Recommended Interregional Highway System, ca. 1943
  8. ^ Public Roads Administration, National System of Interstate Highways, August 2, 1947
  9. ^ Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, as adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials, August 14, 1957
  10. ^ Michigan State Highway Department, Recommended Numbering: Interstate Highways in Michigan, April 25, 1958
  11. ^ Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, as adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials, June 27, 1958
  12. ^ The Herald-Press (St. Joseph, Michigan), Spring to Bring Debut for Interstate Road Numbering, January 8, 1959
  13. ^ Holland Evening Sentinel, Road Plans Revised, June 30, 1956
  14. ^ Michigan State Transportation Commission, meeting minutes, June 29, 2006
  15. ^ Ironwood Daily Globe, Expressway to be Opened by Dec. 13, December 6, 1957
  16. ^ Holland Evening Sentinel, February 25, 1959
  17. ^ Holland Evening Sentinel, Detroit-Lansing-Muskegon Freeway, Third Freeway completed, December 8, 1962
  18. ^ Holland Evening Sentinel, Drop US-16 Designation, April 14, 1962
  19. ^ Rand McNally Road Atlas: United States, Canada, Mexico, 1964
  20. ^ Holland Evening Sentinel, Muskegon Freeway Link Number Change Sought, August 24, 1963
  21. ^ Holland Evening Sentinel, October 23, 1963
  22. ^ Holland Evening Sentinel, Lodge Road to be Opened, October 28, 1964
  23. ^ Detroit Expressway and Transit System, 1945, OCLC 7195393
  24. ^ Detroit News, Detroit will stay accessible during I-75 shutdown, January 18, 1999
  25. ^ Traffic Quarterly, January 1961, pp. 238-241
  26. ^ Economic Report of the Governor, 1975, p. 37
  27. ^ Michigan State of the State Message, 1977, p. 85
  28. ^ Bessert, Chris (2000-08-03). "Never-built Detroit Freeways [was Re: MDOT finally recognizes M-8]". misc.transport.road. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-08-19.
  29. ^ Bessert, Chris (2001-01-29). "A plethora of questions for Michigan roads". misc.transport.road. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-08-19.
  30. ^ a b c d Michigan Highways: Highways 90 through 99. Michigan Highways. (Accessed August 18, 2006)
  31. ^ Michigan Highways: Highways 250 through 696. Michigan Highways. (Accessed September 1, 2006).
  32. ^ "Police continue investigation of massive I-96 accident". The State News. January 20, 2005. (Accessed September 2, 2006).
  33. ^ Beck Road & I-96 SPUI. City of Novi, Michigan. (Accessed September 2, 2006).
  34. ^ a b Interstate 96 @ Interstate-Guide.com. Interstate-Guide.com. (Accessed August 18, 2006)
  35. ^ High Priority Corridors @ AARoads.com: Interstate 69 (Corridors 18 and 20). AARoads.com. (Accessed September 3, 2006)
  36. ^ M-DOT's description of the upcoming Ambassador Bridge Gateway Project in Detroit
  37. ^ 2006-2010 Five Year Transportation Program: Expanding the System. Michigan Department of Transportation. 7. (Accessed September 3, 2006).
  38. ^ 2006-2010 Five Year Transportation Program: Expanding the System. Michigan Department of Transportation. 7. (Accessed September 3, 2006).
  39. ^ Summary of Michigan House Bill 5682
  40. ^ Gulf, Ohio and Michigan Tourgide Map (Rand McNally & Company), 1971
  41. ^ Gulf, Tourgide: United States, Canada and Mexico (Rand McNally & Company), 1977: shows the routes existing just prior to the completion of the new I-96 and the removal of I-96 from the Farmington spur
  42. ^ "ROADWAY SEGMENT transferred from MDOT to the CITY, becoming a City Major Street:
    I-96 Business Spur/Grand River Avenue, from the northern terminus of the I-96 Business Spur at the centerline of Kent Street, southeasterly to the southern terminus of the I-96 Business Spur at the eastbound I-96 exit ramp, a distance of approximately 1.29 miles (2.08 km), in control section 34032."

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Main Interstate Highways (multiples of 5 in pink)		 Interstate Highway marker
4 5 8 10 12 15 16 17 19 20 22 24 25 26 27 29 30
35 37 39 40 43 44 45 49 55 57 59 64 65 66 68 69
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 (W) 76 (E) 77 78 79 80 81 82
83 84 (W) 84 (E) 85 86 (W) 86 (E) 87 88 (W) 88 (E) 89 90
91 93 94 95 96 97 99 (238) H-1 H-2 H-3
Unsigned  A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 PRI-1 PRI-2 PRI-3
Lists  Primary  Main - Intrastate - Suffixed - Future - Gaps
Auxiliary  Main - Future - Unsigned
Other  Standards - Business - Bypassed
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Freeways in Metro Detroit