Interleukin 9

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Interleukin 9
Identifiers
Symbol(s) IL9; HP40; IL-9; P40
External IDs OMIM: 146931 MGI: 96563 HomoloGene: 492
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 3578 16198
Ensembl ENSG00000145839 ENSMUSG00000021538
Uniprot P15248 P15247
Refseq NM_000590 (mRNA)
NP_000581 (protein)		 NM_008373 (mRNA)
NP_032399 (protein)
Location Chr 5: 135.26 - 135.26 Mb Chr 13: 56.49 - 56.49 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Interleukin 9, also known as IL9, is a cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced by T-cells and specifically by CD4+ helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9.

[edit] Further reading

  • Renauld JC, Houssiau F, Louahed J, et al. (1993). "Interleukin-9.". Adv. Immunol. 54: 79–97. PMID 8379467. 
  • Knoops L, Renauld JC (2005). "IL-9 and its receptor: from signal transduction to tumorigenesis.". Growth Factors 22 (4): 207–15. doi:10.1080/08977190410001720879. PMID 15621723. 
  • Modi WS, Pollock DD, Mock BA, et al. (1991). "Regional localization of the human glutaminase (GLS) and interleukin-9 (IL9) genes by in situ hybridization.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 57 (2-3): 114–6. PMID 1680606. 
  • Kelleher K, Bean K, Clark SC, et al. (1991). "Human interleukin-9: genomic sequence, chromosomal location, and sequences essential for its expression in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed human T cells.". Blood 77 (7): 1436–41. PMID 1901233. 
  • Holbrook ST, Ohls RK, Schibler KR, et al. (1991). "Effect of interleukin-9 on clonogenic maturation and cell-cycle status of fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitors.". Blood 77 (10): 2129–34. PMID 1903074. 
  • Merz H, Houssiau FA, Orscheschek K, et al. (1991). "Interleukin-9 expression in human malignant lymphomas: unique association with Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma.". Blood 78 (5): 1311–7. PMID 1908723. 
  • Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, et al. (1990). "Human P40/IL-9. Expression in activated CD4+ T cells, genomic organization, and comparison with the mouse gene.". J. Immunol. 144 (11): 4235–41. PMID 1971295. 
  • Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, et al. (1991). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor P40.". Cytokine 2 (1): 9–12. PMID 2129501. 
  • Yang YC, Ricciardi S, Ciarletta A, et al. (1989). "Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor: human homologue of murine T-cell growth factor P40.". Blood 74 (6): 1880–4. PMID 2508790. 
  • Yin T, Keller SR, Quelle FW, et al. (1995). "Interleukin-9 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 via JAK tyrosine kinases.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (35): 20497–502. PMID 7544789. 
  • Postma DS, Bleecker ER, Amelung PJ, et al. (1995). "Genetic susceptibility to asthma--bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy.". N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (14): 894–900. PMID 7666875. 
  • Le Beau MM, Espinosa R, Neuman WL, et al. (1993). "Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (12): 5484–8. PMID 8516290. 
  • Demoulin JB, Uyttenhove C, Van Roost E, et al. (1996). "A single tyrosine of the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor is required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL-9.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (9): 4710–6. PMID 8756628. 
  • Nicolaides NC, Holroyd KJ, Ewart SL, et al. (1998). "Interleukin 9: a candidate gene for asthma.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (24): 13175–80. PMID 9371819. 
  • Demoulin JB, Van Roost E, Stevens M, et al. (1999). "Distinct roles for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in differentiation gene induction and apoptosis inhibition by interleukin-9.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (36): 25855–61. PMID 10464327. 
  • Lejeune D, Demoulin JB, Renauld JC (2001). "Interleukin 9 induces expression of three cytokine signal inhibitors: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-2 and SOCS-3, but only SOCS-3 overexpression suppresses interleukin 9 signalling.". Biochem. J. 353 (Pt 1): 109–116. PMID 11115404. 
  • Little FF, Cruikshank WW, Center DM (2001). "Il-9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial epithelial cells.". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 25 (3): 347–52. PMID 11588013. 
  • Toda M, Tulic MK, Levitt RC, Hamid Q (2002). "A calcium-activated chloride channel (HCLCA1) is strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma.". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109 (2): 246–50. PMID 11842292. 
  • Pilette C, Ouadrhiri Y, Van Snick J, et al. (2002). "IL-9 inhibits oxidative burst and TNF-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes through TGF-beta.". J. Immunol. 168 (8): 4103–11. PMID 11937570. 
v • d • e
Cytokines: interleukins
IL-1 superfamily
IL-6 like/gp130 utilizing
IL-10 family
Interferon type III
Common γ-chain family
IL-2/IL-15 - IL-3 - IL-4 - IL-7 - IL-9 - IL-13 - IL-21
IL-12 family
Other
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