Integrated nanoliter system

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In nanobiotechnology, an integrated nanoliter system is a device that automates a biological process using fluids on the nanoliter scale. Integrated nanoliter systems may be used for purifying or separating biomolecules. Integrated nanoliter systems are analogous to the role of integrated circuits for computation. An integrated nanoliter system may be fabricated with soft lithography. Techniques for manipulating fluids in an integrated nanoliter system include electrokinetic manipulation, vesicle encapsulation, mechanical valving, and microfluidic tectonics. A typical integrated nanoliter system may have a surface area of roughly two square centimeters.