Infanta Maria Teresa class armored cruiser
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Infanta Maria Teresa |
| Builders: | Naval shipyard Bilbao, Spain |
| Built: | 1889-1893 |
| In commission: | 1893-1898 |
| Planned: | 3 |
| Completed: | 3 |
| Lost: | 3 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Infanta Maria Teresa |
| Type: | armored cruiser |
| Displacement: | 6,890 tons |
| Length: | 364 ft (111 m) |
| Beam: | 65 ft 2 in (19.9 m) |
| Draft: | 21 ft 6 in (6.6 m) maximum |
| Speed: | 20.2 knots (37.4 km/h) |
| Complement: | 484 |
| Armament: | 4 x 11-inch (279 mm) guns 5.5-inch (140 mm) 10 x 12-pounder guns 10 x 3-pounder Hotchkiss revolvers 8 x Nordenfeld machine guns 2 x Maxim machine guns 8 x torpedo tubes (2 suberged) |
| Armor: | Belt 12-10 inches (30.5-25.4 cm) Barbettes 9 inches (22.86 cm) Conning tower 12 inches (30.5 cm) Deck 2-3 (5.1-7.62 cm) |
| Notes: | 1,050 tons of coal (normal) |
The Infanta Maria Teresa class of armored cruisers was a series of three cruisers built for the Spanish Navy between 1889 and 1893.
Contents |
[edit] Description
The naval shipyard at Bilbao, Spain, built all three units of the Infanta Maria Teresa class. Originally, the Spanish Navy had planned to build sister ships of the battleship Pelayo, but a crisis with the German Empire in the Caroline Islands in 1890 caused Spain to divert money budgeted for the battleships to the Infanta Maria Teresa class instead.[1] The armored cruisers were considered more desirable than additional battleships at the time because their greater speed and steaming range made them better suited for responses to colonial crises.[2]
The two-funnelled Infanta Maria Teresa class was fast and well-armed, with 11-inch (280-mm) guns mounted in barbettes on the center line fore and aft and a large secondary battery of 5.5-inch (140-mm) guns. But their protection was poor: The armor belt was narrow and stretched for only two-thirds of the length of the hulls, the main guns had only lightly armored hoods, the 5.5-inch (140-mm) guns were mounted in the open on the upper deck, and the ships had a high, unprotected freeboard. [3] The ships also were heavily decorated and furnished with wood, which the Spanish failed to remove before combat and which would feed fires after enemy shell hits.
[edit] History
The Infanta Maria Teresa-class armored cruisers were active units, serving both in European and American waters. After the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, all three were assigned to the 1st Squadron, commanded by Vice Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete, in which all three were sunk at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.
[edit] Ships in class
[edit] Infanta Maria Teresa
Ordered in 1889, laid down in 1890, launched on 30 August 1890 and completed in 1893,[4] Infanta Maria Teresa was named for a Spanish princess. In Spain at the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in April 1898,[5] she was sent along with her sisters to the Caribbean as part of Cervera's squadron, blockaded for 37 days in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba, and sunk in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba on 3 July 1898.
[edit] Vizcaya
Ordered in 1889, launched on 8 July 1891, and completed in 1893,[6] Vizcaya was named for a Spanish province. She was visiting New York City at the time of the destruction of battleship USS Maine in February 1898.[7] Ordered across the Atlantic to join Cervera in the Cape Verde Islands, she was sent along with her sisters to the Caribbean as part of Cervera's squadron, blockaded for 37 days in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba, and sunk in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba on 3 July 1898.
[edit] Almirante Oquendo
Laid down in January 1889, launched in 1891, and completed in 1893,[8] Almirante Oquendo was in Havana, Cuba, when war with the United States became likely in the spring of 1898. Ordered across the Atlantic to join Cervera in the Cape Verde Islands,[9] she was sent along with her sisters to the Caribbean as part of Cervera's squadron, blockaded for 37 days in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba, and sunk in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba on 3 July 1898.
[edit] Notes
- ^ www.spanamwar.com/pelayo.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Web Site: Pelayo
- ^ www.spanamwar.com/pelayo.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Web Site: Pelayo
- ^ Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, p. 382
- ^ www.spanamwar.com/teresa.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Web Site: Infanta Maria Teresa; and Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, p. 382
- ^ Nofi, p. 78
- ^ www.spanamwar.com/vizcaya.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Web Site: Vizcaya; and Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, p. 382
- ^ Nofi, p. 58
- ^ www.spanamwar.com/oquendo.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Web Site: Almirante Oquendo; and Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905, p. 382; the former reports the launch date as 10 April 1898, the latter as 4 October 1891, apparently because of transposition of the numerals representing the month and year, making it impossible to identify correct date.
- ^ Nofi, p. 58
[edit] References
- Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Eds. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905. New York, New York: Mayflower Books Inc., 1979. ISBN 0831703024.
- Nofi, Albert A. The Spanish-American War, 1898. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:Combined Books, Inc., 1996. ISBN 0938289578.
