Portal:Indianapolis/Selected article
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The circle is the standard symbol of the city of Indianapolis, and the city's flag is an iconic representation of Monument Circle and the two streets (Meridian and Market) that feed into and out of it. One of Indy's recognizable nicknames, "the Circle City" comes from Monument Circle. At one time, it was illegal to build any building taller than the monument within Indianapolis city limits, although there are now many skyscrapers exceeding its size.
The poem America, Messiah of Nations was written by James Whitcomb Riley for the dedication of the monument and was transformed into a march by John Philip Sousa. Both Riley and Sousa performed the poem and march at the dedication ceremonies.
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Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. was given by New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy on April 4, 1968. Kennedy was campaigning for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination and had spoken at the University of Notre Dame and Ball State University earlier that day. Before boarding a plane to fly to Indianapolis for one last campaign speech in a predominantly black neighborhood of the city he learned that Martin Luther King had been shot, leading Kennedy press secretary Frank Mankiewicz to suggest that he ask the audience to pray for the King family and ask them to follow King's policy of non-violence. They did not learn that King was dead until they landed in Indianapolis.
Despite rioting in other major American cities, Indianapolis was calm the night after Kennedy's remarks, which is believed to have been in part because of the speech. The speech itself has been listed as one of the greatest in American history, ranked 17th on American Rhetoric's Top 100 speeches in the 20th century. Former US Congressman and media host Joe Scarborough said that it was Kennedy's greatest speech, and was what prompted him into entering into public service.
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Colonel Eli Lilly, a pharmacist who had served as a Union officer in the American Civil War, acquired a laboratory on Pearl Street in Indianapolis in 1876 and started Eli Lilly and Company. His innovative process of gelatin-coating pills helped establish the success of the company. When Eli Lilly died in 1898, his son Josiah K. Lilly Sr. took control of the company. Josiah inherited his father's civic mindedness and ordered the company to send much needed medicine to support recovery efforts following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
Among the company's major pharmaceutical breakthroughs are cephalosporin, erythromycin, insulin, and, with Prozac (fluoxetine), the world's first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of clinical depression. Among other distinctions, Lilly is the world's largest manufacturer and distributor of medications used in a broad range of psychiatric and mental health-related conditions, including clinical depression, generalized anxiety disorder, narcotic addiction, insomnia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and others.
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The convention features a large exhibit hall filled with game publishers, artists, and related businesses. It is a popular attraction and is frequently very busy.
Gen Con began in 1967 as an informal gathering of war game enthusiasts at the Lake Geneva, Wisconsin home of Gary Gygax, later termed "Gen Con 0" A year later, Gygax organized the first formal convention at the Lake Geneva Horticultural Hall with roughly 100 attendees.
Gen Con's name is a derivation of "Geneva Convention," given the convention's origins in Lake Geneva. The name also is a play-on-words, as the "Geneva Conventions" are the name of a set of important international treaties regarding war and the earliest Gen Cons had a focus on wargames.
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In some respects IUPUI was established far before its 1969 merger. The historically most prestigious portions of IUPUI are the professional graduate schools and the art school: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Law Indianapolis, Indiana University School of Liberal Arts, the Indiana University School of Dentistry, and the Indiana University Herron School of Art, all of which were established decades prior to the 1969 merger into one institution. In particular, the Indiana University School of Medicine and the Indiana University School of Dentistry in Indianapolis are not merely regional branches of programs at some main campus in the Indiana University System or the Purdue University System. The School of Medicine and School of Dentistry are the only degree-granting public university programs of medicine and dentistry in Indiana and have been since becoming part of Indiana University.
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North Western Christian University was the name when the school opened on November 1, 1855, at what is now 13th and College, with no president, 2 professors, and 20 students. In 1875, the university moved to a 25-acre campus in Irvington. It was there that the school was renamed Butler University "in recognition of Ovid Butler's inspirational vision, determined leadership, and financial support." In 1922, they purchased Fairview Park, and in 1928, moved their campus to the current Fairview location. The campus consists of 31 buildings covering an area of 290 acres (1.2 km²).
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During the first half of the 20th century, Ayres grew to be Indianapolis' premier department store. Its fashion leadership was portrayed in a series of "That Ayres Look" ads that appeared nationally and locally from 1930s to the 1970s. The 1905 landmark downtown store, at One West Washington Street, was enlarged several times, with the largest expansion after WWII. Ayres' first branch stores opened in 1958 in Market Square in Lafayette, Indiana, and at Glendale Center on the north side of Indianapolis. Additional branches were opened in Indianapolis and other Indiana markets in the 60s and 70s. Ayres also acquired Bressmers in Springfield, Illinois (which operated under its own name) and two Wolf & Dessauer stores in Fort Wayne. These were later converted to Ayres locations.
Ayres developed a discount format called Ayr-Way in 1961. This subsidiary was one of the first discount store divisions lauched by a traditional department store. Ayres opened the first Ayr-Way store prior to both the first Kmart and Target stores. At one time they had forty-seven stores in three states in the Midwestern United States.
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The airline's parent company, New ATA Holdings, Inc. (the successor to ATA Holdings Inc. which was also once known as Amtran), recently changed its name to Global Aero Logistics, Inc. and had announced plans to purchase World Air Holdings, Inc. for $315 million in an all cash transaction with the financial backing of the Matlin Patterson Investment firm. Approval of the transaction is scheduled to be completed at the end of 2007. World Air Holdings, Inc. owned and operated North American Airlinesand World Airways as two separate US-certified air carriers. ATA Airlines and both of World Air Holdings, Inc.'s subsidiary carriers operate from similar business models.
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Irvington is located five miles east of downtown Indianapolis on the western edge of Warren Township. The neighborhood is situated on the historic national road US 40, also known locally as Washington Street. Through the early 1900s, a commuter rail/trolley system ran from Irvington to downtown Indianapolis along US 40.
Irvington was the birthplace and home to the only historic art movement in Central Indiana named for a specific place, the Irvington Group. In the early 1900s, this group of artists lived, met, practiced and exhibited art in Irvington. Today, many of the artists homes and studios remain standing throughout the community. The Irving Theatre has recently re-opened as a concert venue for bands. The theatre has held events that have attracted over 700 patrons. The Irvington Lodge, Bona Thompson Memorial Library, and The Studio School & Gallery are public venues where arts are currently taught and displayed throughout the Irvington neighborhood.
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The building and property are legally owned by the State of Indiana and managed by the Indiana State Armory Board (an entity of the Indiana National Guard), but is leased to the federal government for use by the United States Navy Reserve and the United States Marine Corps Reserve.
Construction began on the US$550,000 project in February of 1936, and the building was officially dedicated as the Indianapolis Naval Reserve Armory at a ceremony on October 29, 1938. John K. Jennings, Indiana State WPA administrator, presented the building to Elmer F. Streub, adjutant-general, who then presented it to Captain O.F. Heslar, commandant of the Indiana State Naval Reserve. Louis J. Bornstein, representing the citizen's dedication committee, served as toastmaster.
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Founded in 1830, the Indiana Historical Society connects people to the past by collecting, preserving, interpreting and disseminating Indiana history. It is an independent, nonprofit organization that publishes books and periodicals; sponsors teacher workshops; provides youth, adult and family programming; assists local historical groups throughout the state; and maintains one of the largest collections of material on the history of Indiana and the Old Northwest. Thanks to the generosity of Eli Lilly, a former president of the Society, the Indiana Historical Society is one of America's wealthiest historical societies.
Among the items held by the Indiana Historical society is a 130-year-old Bible used to swear in mayors of Indianapolis. Another object held is the leg lamp used in the move A Christmas Story.
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After the removal of United States forces occupying Fort Sumter, Morton volunteered to President Abraham Lincoln 10,000 Indiana troops to invade the South. Morton looked for a place to train these new recruits. He chose the ground of the then-new Indiana State Fairgrounds, on the advice of Lew Wallace, who named the facility Camp Morton, after the governor. It had previously been Henderson's Grove, after Samuel Henderson, the first mayor of Indianapolis. It was a 36-acre tract north of the city. Its borders were loosely the present-day roads of 19th Street, Central Avenue, 22nd Street, and Talbott Street.
On February 22, over 3,700 Confederate prisoners arrived at the camp. Having just come from battle, having suffered from lack of adequate food and clothing, and being unused to Northern winters, the death rate among the unfortunate Confederate prisoners was high. March 1862 saw the deaths of 144 prisoners. Thankfully, local residents of Indianapolis felt sorry for the Confederate prisoners, and providing the necessary food, clothing, and nursing to keep most of the prisoners alive.
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