Incident At Vichy
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Incident at Vichy is a 1964 play by American dramatist Arthur Miller focusing upon the subjects of human nature, guilt, fear, and complicity using Vichy France for the setting. Miller, a Jew himself, wrote the one act play about a group of detainees waiting for inspection by German officers during World War II. The play premiered in 1964 in New York City. A revised version of the script was prepared in 1966 and was used in a film version.
The main question of the play is how the Nazis were able to perpetrate the Holocaust, to answer the question that has haunted people since World War II: why did the Jews walk to their deaths, why was there so little resistance?
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[edit] Cast
- Lebeau, a painter
- Bayard, an electrician
- Marchand, a businessman
- Police Guard (French)
- Monceau, an actor
- Gypsy
- Waiter
- Boy
- Major (German Army)
- First Detective (French)
- Old Jew
- Second Detective (French)
- Leduc, a psychatrist
- Police Captain (French)
- Von Berg, a prince (Austrian)
- Professor Hoffman (a Nazi)
- Ferrand, a café proprietor
- Four Prisoners
None of the characters in the play are referred to by name at any time, except for Von Berg and Ferrand.
[edit] Synopsis and themes
The first half of the play revolves around the characters' struggle to accept why they are there. All of the detainees except for a gypsy, Von Berg, and (possibly) Bayard are Jewish, and most have fled to Vichy from the German-occupied northern half of France. Nevertheless, they persist in allowing themselves a state of denial about the motivations for their arrests and the fate that awaits them. Lebeau, Monceau, and Marchand all grasp for explanations: "It must be a routine document check." Bayard, who may or may not be Jewish, is an outspoken Communist who warns the detainees: "I've heard they're working Jews to death in the Polish camps", and reports the arrival of a huge freight train carrying people in boxcars, driven by a Polish engineer. He enjoins the detainees to develop political consciousness so as to make an intellectual, albeit private, stand against the pressure of detention. "My faith is in the future; and the future is Socialist. ... They can't win. Impossible."
The second half of the play shows the various characters' reaction to their situation: Leduc, a psychoanalyst who is also a French veteran of the 1940 fighting against Germany, tries to rally the prisoners to attempt an escape. However, the other able-bodied prisoners prefer to hope for the best, rejecting Bayard's warnings.
In this way, the play's central lesson is how the Nazis were able to perpetrate the Holocaust, how they were able to get away with it for so long. The café proprietor Ferrand notably does nothing to intervene on behalf of his friend the Waiter with the interrogators. The main confrontation in the second half is between Leduc and the Major, a disabled veteran of the Germany Army, as Leduc tries to persuade the Major to let them go free. The Major resents his assignment, thinking it beneath the dignity of a regular Army officer, but ultimately resigns himself to it, feeling himself entrapped within the chain of command. Furthermore, he feels that whether or not he helps the detainees to escape is irrelevant: "There are no persons anymore." The future which the Major sees is an authoritan mass society where human beings are insignificant.
In the 1964 version, there is no real attempt at escape on the part of the prisoners as a whole. At the end, Von Berg secures a free pass from the guards, but then attempts to give it to Leduc, volunteering his life to help Leduc escape. In the 1966 version there is a major escape attempt in the middle of the play, but it is thwarted by the unexpected appearance of the Major. Since the objective of the piece is to show how the Nazis managed to make the Holocaust happen, this escape attempt may be viewed as seriously undermining the play's theme.
[edit] See also
- Rafle du Vel'd'Hiv, a roundup of Jews in France that took place around the time in which the play is set
- Drancy internment camp, where French detainees were temporarily housed enroute to concentration camps
- Maurice Papon, who as prefect of Bordeaux was a significant collaborationist who helped administer "dejudaisation" in his region
- The Holocaust in art and literature
[edit] External links
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