Imekanu

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Imekanu (イメカヌ? 1875-1961), also known by her Japanese name of Matsu Kannari (金成まつ Kannari Matsu?), was an Ainu missionary and epic poet.

[edit] Life and work

Imekanu belonged to an Ainu family of Horobetsu in Iburi subprefecture, Hokkaidō (Japan). She began to learn her repertoire of Ainu poetry from her mother, Monashinouku, a seasoned teller of Ainu tales who spoke very little Japanese. Converted to Christianity, Imekanu worked for many years for the Episcopal Church as a lay missionary under John Batchelor, well known for his publications on Ainu language and culture. Batchelor introduced Imekanu to Kindaichi Kyōsuke, the greatest Japanese scholar in this field, in 1918. After 1926, having retired from missionary work, Imekanu began to write down epics (yukar) known to her from Ainu tradition and continued to do so until her death.

These texts in the Horobetsu dialect of Ainu amounted to 20,000 pages in 134 volumes. 72 of these volumes were destined for Kindaichi and 52 volumes for Imekanu's nephew Chiri Mashiho, a researcher specializing in Ainu linguistics.

Chiri Yukie, Imekanu's niece and Chiri Mashiho's sister, grew up with Monashinouku and Imekanu and learned from them the skill of Ainu epic. She wrote down thirteen epics from this tradition, translated them into Japanese, and prepared a bilingual edition which appeared in 1923, the first publication of Ainu traditional literature by an Ainu author. Three of these epics later appeared in English translation, alongside works by others, in Donald L. Philippi's Songs of Gods, Songs of Humans (1979).

Kindaichi published Imekanu's version of the epic Kutune shirka, alongside a version by Nabesawa Wakarpa, with commentary, in his two-volume study of the Ainu yukar in 1931. He published a seven-volume collection of Imekanu's epics, with his own Japanese translations, in 1959-1966.

[edit] Bibliography

  • Kindaichi Kyōsuke, Ainu jojishi yūkara no kenkyū. 2 vols. 1931.
  • Kindaichi Kyōsuke, Ainu jojishi yūkara shū. 7 vols. 1959-1966.
  • Donald L. Philippi, Songs of Gods, Songs of Humans: The Epic Tradition of the Ainu. University of Tokyo Press, 1979; North Point, 1982. ISBN 0-691-06384-2. (Biography of Imekanu, p. 19; translations from Chiri Yukie's materials, pp. 89, 108, 137.)
  • Chiri Yukie, Ainu shin'yō shu. 1923.