Ikhtilaf
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Ikhtilaf (Arabic: disagreement) is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma.
Islam teaches that when there is a a scholarly disagreement on a certain issue, it is impermissible to condemn a person who follows a position that is different from one's own. The requirement to command the right and forbid the wrong does not apply when there is Ikhtilaf upon a position.
According to a saying of Prophet Mohammed, the differences of opinion (Ikhtilaf) between his faithful (Ummah) constitute a form a blessing (see Oba A.A., Islamic Law as Customary Law: The Changing Perspective in Nigeria, International and Comparative Law Journal 51 (2002) 817).
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