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Ikbal Ali Shah (born 1894 in Sardhana, India, died November 1969 in Tangier, Morocco) was an Afghan author, poet, diplomat, scholar, and savant, and one of the most widely respected leaders of East-West studies, especial of the pre-War era.[citation needed]
Ikbal Ali Shah authored over one hundred books in in English and Arabic, and was an adviser, confidant, and biographer of numerous heads of state, including Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia, and Aga Khan. He had three children, a daughter Amina Shah, and two sons Sufi scholar Idries Shah, and his elder brother Omar Ali-Shah. He was also the grandfather of the Anglo-Afghan writer Tahir Shah.
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