Hythe, Kent
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Hythe | |
  Hythe shown within Kent |
|
| Population | 14,170(Parish) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| Parish | Hythe |
| District | Shepway |
| Shire county | Kent |
| Region | South East |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Police | Kent |
| Fire | Kent |
| Ambulance | South East Coast |
| European Parliament | South East England |
| UK Parliament | Folkestone and Hythe |
| List of places: UK • England • Kent | |
Hythe (IPA: /haɪð/, or haithe) is a small coastal market town on the edge of Romney Marsh, in the District of Shepway (derived from Sheep Way) on the south coast of Kent. The word Hythe or Hithe is an Old English word meaning Haven or Landing Place.
The town has Medieval and Georgian buildings, as well as a Saxon/Norman church on the hill and a seafront promenade. Hythe was once of such significance that it was defended by two castles, Saltwood and Lympne. The Town Hall (formerly Guildhall) was built in 1794 and its fireplace was designed by the famous Adam brothers. Hythe's market once took place in Market Square (now Red Lion Square) close to where there is now a regular Farmers' Market (every 2nd and 4th Saturday of the month). Hythe has a Bowling Club, Lawn Tennis Club, Cricket Club , Football Club, Squash Club and Sailing Club. Lord Deedes was for many years Patron of Hythe Civic Society and The Rev. Sampson is President of Hythe & District Gardeners Society. The hounds of The East Kent Hunt are kennelled in the nearby village of Elham.
It is one of the original Cinque Ports of England, but although it is beside a broad bay on the English Channel, silting of the coast removed any sign of its harbour hundreds of years ago. Hythe was once geographically the central Cinque Port, between the ports of Hastings and New Romney to the west with Dover and Sandwich to the east.
According to Hasted, a French fleet approached Hythe in 1293 and succeeded in landing up to 200 men, but "the townsmen came upon them and slew every one of them: upon which the rest of the fleet hoisted sail and made no further attempt".
In 1348 the black death afflicted Hythe, and in 1400 the plague further reduced the town's population.
Contents |
[edit] The Royal Military Canal
Romney Marsh lies immediately to the west of Hythe. The Royal Military Canal runs across the northern edge of the Marsh, to Winchelsea, along with a series of Martello towers built at the same time along the coast from Folkestone to Seaford. Three of the many (43) towers along this coast survive at Hythe. One of these was converted into a house in the 1930s, the other two are on the beach and are owned and maintained by the Ministry of Defence. Geologically the town had developed upon a succession of parallel terraces, rising from the level ground around the Royal Military canal up towards the steep incline upon which the parish church of St Leonard was built.
Running under Stade Street at one point, the old Royal Military canal (intended to help repel a threatened French invasion during the Napoleonic wars (1804–15)), gives central Hythe much of its character. Now shaded by tall trees, the canal, a defensive moat 30 ft (10m) wide passes into the marsh from the middle of the town. The canal begins at Seabrook and runs through Hythe and across Romney Marsh to Winchelsea. Its 26 mile length can be walked via footpath. From the High Street narrow alleys lead up to the steeper levels of the town.
[edit] The 11th century parish church of St Leonard
The large 11th century church can be found high above the town, some way up the hill; the tower at its eastern end was destroyed by an earth tremor in 1739 and restored in 1750.
The chancel, dating from 1220, covers a processional ossuary – a bone store, more commonly found on the continent – lined with 2000 skulls and 8,000 thighbones. They date from the medieval period, probably having been stored after removal, to make way for new graves. This was a common practice in England during the period but bones were usually dispersed, and this is thus a rare collection.
Lionel Lukin credited with the invention of the lifeboat, is buried in the parish church yard of Hythe.
[edit] The castles at Saltwood and Lympne
Hythe was once of such significance that it was defended by two castles, Saltwood and Lympne. Saltwood derives its name from the village, in its shadow. During the reign of king Canute the manor of Saltwood was granted to the priory of Christ Church in Canterbury, but during the 12th century it for a while became the home of Henry d' Essex, constable of England.
Thomas Becket had sought from King Henry II, for the Church, the restoration of the castle, as an ecclesiastical palace. Henry instead granted the castle to one of his loyal barons, Ranulf de Broc.
That the castle had been returned to the control of Becket, as archbishop of Canterbury, and remained a church property until the reign of Henry VIII, when Hythe and Saltwood were to be sequestrated to the Crown, leads to the implication that some complicity in the murder of Becket, by the baron Rranulf de Broc was possible. It was during this time at Saltwood, on 28 December 1170, that four knights plotted the death of Becket, which took place the following day. Hugh de Moreville was one of the four knights who assassinated Thomas Becket, along with Reginald Fitzurse, William de Tracey, and Richard le Breton.
From the moment Hythe came under Crown control the senior official of the town was also to become a bailiff appointed by the Crown, this state of affairs remained (uniquely for a Cinque Port) until 1575 when under a charter given by Elizabeth I, the town regained control of its domestic affairs.
The last Crown bailiff of Hythe was also to become the first mayor of the town. His name was John Bredgman, a brass inscription bearing his name remains in the parish church, dated 1581.
[edit] The Cinque port Court of Shepway
A monumental cross now indicates the position of what was once from 1358 a meeting place of the confederation of the Cinque ports, located several miles to the west of Hythe, and known then as "the Shepway crossroads". Shepway cross erected in 1923, the monument to the Court of Shepway, may be found beside the Hythe to Lympne road (B2067). The lathe of Shepway was the Saxon name for south east Kent, roughly corresponding with the modern District of Shepway, comprising Folkestone, Hythe, Romney Marsh and the nearby villages as far north as Elham.
Most people (including the inhabitants of nearby West Hythe and Lympne) seem to think that this monument exists to mark the spot where traditionally the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports held his court for Shepway, and it is invariably referred to as the “Shepway Cross”.
In fact the Shepway Cross is a civic War Memorial erected in 1923 to commemorate the men of the Cinque Ports who went to war and those who never returned – its true title should be the Cinque Ports War Memorial. It was placed on the top of Lympne Hill because that was traditionally the site of the Court of Shepway. This confusion has resulted from its positioning there.
The Shepway Cross was paid for and unveiled in August 1923 by Earl Beauchamp KG, the then Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. The Archbishop of Canterbury Randall Davidson attended the unveiling ceremony. The war memorial is now at risk and showing signs of serious decay. The lettering denoting the monument's true purpose is now hardly legible.
[edit] The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Light Railway
Hythe is the northern terminus of the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway, the world's smallest public railway, running third-scale steam and diesel locomotives. The track runs parallel to the coastline passing through the towns of Dymchurch and New Romney to Dungeness, where there is a lighthouse, power station and RSPB National Nature Reserve.
The founders of the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Light Railway were Captain JEP Howey and Count Louis Zborowski. Something of a hobby, the project was begun in 1925, and opened in 1927. The locomotives and trains run on a narrow gauge of 15 inches (380 mm) in width, and the track is nearly 14 miles (23 km) in length.
During the Second World War the service was taken over by the military and used to transport the secret Operation Pluto pipeline; it is now a tourist attraction, and also carries children to school in New Romney.
Every two years, Hythe Corporation hosts the Hythe Venetian Fete, when local organisations and individuals create decorated floats which travel up and down the Royal Military Canal.
Folkestone and Hythe are represented in Parliament by Conservative Michael Howard, former home secretary and former Conservative party leader.
[edit] Local places of interest
- Brockhill Country Park
- Port Lympne Wild Animal Park & Gardens
- Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway
- Woodchurch Rare Breeds Centre
[edit] Theatre
The Folkestone & Hythe Operatic & Dramatic Society owns The Tower Theatre at nearby Shorncliffe. It is a charitable organisation which produces and performs several shows a year at their own theatre.
[edit] Notable people of Hythe
- The writer, painter, and filmmaker Derek Jarman lived at the isolated Prospect Cottage, at nearby Dungeness, where he created his famous seaside garden. It was here that he was "canonised" by the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence.
- The novelist Elizabeth Bowen spent part of her childhood in Hythe and retired to a house on Church Steps (overlooking the Parish Church) where she died.
- The novelist H. G. Wells built Spade House at nearby Sandgate.
- The novelist E. Nesbit, author of "The Railway Children", lived on Romney Marsh.
- Noel Coward lived at Goldenhaye Farm at nearby Aldington for many years.
- Saltwood Castle was the family home of Lord Deedes and was recently the home of Lord Kenneth Clark, the famous art historian, and his son Hon. Alan Clark, Conservative MP.
- The novelist Daphne du Maurier lived briefly with her young family at Hythe in the early years of World War II.
- Francis Pettit Smith, inventor of the marine screw propeller, was born and raised in Hythe; a plaque commemorating this can be seen on the wall above the premises of Paydens Chemist in the High Street.
- Charles Wakefield, 1st Viscount Wakefield, founder of the Castrol Oil Company and noted philanthropist.
- Michael Howard is the Member of Parliament for Folkestone and Hythe. He lives at nearby Lympne.
- Noel Redding (1945-2003), bassist with the Jimi Hendrix Experience, was raised on Romney Marsh and gave his first public performance at Hythe Youth Club.
- The Royal photographer, Lisa Sheridan, lived on the seafront at Hythe until her death in 1966.
- Comedians Julian Clary and Paul O'Grady (aka Lily Savage) live nearby.
[edit] External links
- Official Shepway site
- The Tower Theatre website
- Information on the area by local resident
- Hythe, Kent
- Hythe Town FC
|
||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
