Hurricane Javier (2004)

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Hurricane Javier
Category 4 hurricane (SSHS)
Hurricane Javier at peak intensity on September 13, 2004

Hurricane Javier at peak intensity on September 13, 2004
Formed September 10, 2004
Dissipated September 21, 2004
Highest
winds
150 mph (240 km/h) (1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure 930 mbar (hPa; 27.47 inHg)
Fatalities 0 direct, 3 missing
Damage Unknown
Areas
affected		 Baja California, southwestern United States
Part of the
2004 Pacific hurricane season

Hurricane Javier was the tenth named storm and the sixth and final hurricane of the 2004 Pacific hurricane season. Javier was also the strongest hurricane of the 2004 season, with 150 mph (241 km/h) winds and a central pressure of 930 millibars. However, because of high wind shear in the East Pacific, Javier weakened rapidly before making landfall in Baja California as a tropical depression. The remnants of the storm then continued moving northeast through the Southwestern United States. Javier caused no direct fatalities, and the damage in Mexico and the United States was minimal.

Contents

[edit] Storm history

Storm path
Storm path

The origins of Javier was from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on August 29. The disturbance crossed the Atlantic Ocean without further development due to unfavorable conditions. The tropical wave then combined with another low pressure system near the Leeward Islands and the two systems continued to move westward across the Caribbean Sea. The storm crossed Central America on September 9 where it gained a better convection. On September 10, the disturbance became Tropical Depression 13-E at 1800 UTC. The next day, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Javier.[1]

Weak wind shear allowed Javier to reach hurricane strength on September 12. Then the storm moved slowly to the west and northwest around a subtropical ridge that was centered over Mexico. Javier then underwent rapid intensification as the storm reached a peak intensity of 150 mph (241 km/h) and a central pressure of 930 millibars.[1]

Javier then developed a concentric eyewall before weakening to a category 3 storm. Javier maintained category 3 status for three days before encountering cooler waters which further weakened the storm. Javier then turned northward and then northeastward before making landfall in Baja California as a tropical depression on September 19. The depression moved over Guaymas,Mexico before losing tropical characteristics. The remnants of Javier then moved over the rest of Mexico and the Southwestern United States.[1]

[edit] Preparations

Javier's strength was difficult to forecast. In its formation stages many of the forecast models gave out a complex suggestions of where the storm should go. One of the models forecasted the storm to move west for a couple of days and then stall offshore and then turn east and hit western Guatemala.[2] The rapid intensification was also difficult to forecast compared to average forecast errors in a ten year period.[1] Mexican officials began issuing tropical storm watches on September 15 as Javier paralleled the west coast of Mexico.[3] The warnings for western mainland Mexico were then dropped as the storm did not recurve as predicted. However, more tropical storm warnings were issued for Baja California and northwestern Mexico as Javier was located 300 km southwest of Baja California. Forecasters predicted that Javier will bring a storm surge of 1-3 feet, rainfall of 3-6 inches (7.6-15.2 cm), and strong rip currents.[4] The National Hurricane Center, predicted that Javier will parallel the Baja California coastline according to their forecast models and recurve as a weak storm and dissipate over the Southwestern United States.[5] On September 18, Mexican officials discontinued the warnings for Baja California when Javier weakened to a tropical depression before making landfall.[6]

[edit] Impact

[edit] Mexico

Winds up to tropical storm force were reported by ships at sea.[1] On land, the storm dropped 3.14 inches (80 mm) of rain in Bacanuchi, Mexico.[7] Javier's flooding rains damaged portions of highway 1 near Vizcaino and three fishermen were reported missing when their ship was lost during the storm.[8][9] In addition, oil prices began to climb when Javier passed through the area.[10] However, overall damage in Baja California was minimal.

[edit] United States

Rainfall totals from Hurricane Javier
Rainfall totals from Hurricane Javier

In Arizona, the remnants of Javier dropped 3.3 inches (76 mm) of rain which helped the topsoil moisture and greatly affected a prolonged drought in the Southwestern United States.[11][12] In Tucson, the airport received rainfall of 0.37 inches (93 mm) while the University of Arizona reported 0.89 inches (26 mm) of rain. Lightning and rain from Javier delayed the University of Arizona Wildcats football game against the Wisconsin Badgers for 88 minutes late in the second quarter, and flooding closed several roads.[13] The remnants of Javier also dropped 1-3 inches of rain across Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and the upper Midwest.[14]

Because the damage was very minimal, the WMO did not retire the name Javier. So it remained on the list to be used for the 2010 Pacific hurricane season.

[edit] See also

Tropical cyclones Portal

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e NHC Report on Javier National Hurricane Center November 15, 2004 URL Accessed May 23, 2006
  2. ^ National Hurricane CenterDiscussion on Tropical Depression 13-E, 2 PM (EDT) September 10, 2004 URL Accessed, May 23, 2006
  3. ^ NHC Advisory archive, 2 PM EDT, September 15, 2004 URL Accessed May 23, 2006
  4. ^ NHC Advisory Archive, 2 PM EDT , September 17, 2004 URL Accessed May 23, 2006
  5. ^ NHC Tropical Discussion on Javier FRI 2 AM PDT September 17, 2004 National Hurricane Center, URL Accessed May 23, 2006
  6. ^ NHC Advisory Archive, 8 PM PDT September 18, 2004 URL Accessed May 23, 2006
  7. ^ Evolution of Hurricane JavierURL Accessed May 26, 2006
  8. ^ Baja Norte gets rain from Javier - What is left of it...Baja Insider.com URL Accessed May 26, 2006
  9. ^ Cyclone Javier threatens Mexican Pacific Univision.com (translated version) URL Accessed May 26, 2006
  10. ^ NPR: Hurricane Javier Boosts Oil Prices
  11. ^ US Agriculture summary URL Accessed May 26, 2006
  12. ^ US Drought Montior September 21, 2004. URL Accessed May 26, 2006
  13. ^ Tucson area gets welcome soaking Arizona Daily Star: September 19, 2004. URL Accessed May 26, 2006
  14. ^ HPC report on JavierURL accessed May 26, 2006