User:Howardrford/Asia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following table lists records of extreme temperature in territories of Asia.


Country Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature
T°C Place Date T°C Place Date
Asia -67.7 Oymyakon Flag of Russia Russia 6 February 1933 53.7 Tirat Zvi Flag of Israel Israel 21 June 1942
Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan -52.2 Shahrak Ghowr province [1][2] 48.5 Andkhoy Faryab province [3][4] 29 July 1983
Flag of Armenia Armenia -46 Paghakn (Shurabad) Shirak province [5] 43 Meghri Syunik province [6] 11 August 2005
Flag of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan -33 Culfa (Julfa) and Ordubad Naxçıvan (Nakhichevan) Autonomous Republic [7][8] 47.4 Göytäpä [9] 30 July 2000
Flag of Bahrain Bahrain 2.8 Bahrain International Airport (Al-Muharraq) [10][11] 20 January 1964 47.5 Bahrain International Airport (Al-Muharraq) [10] 15 July 2000
Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh 1.7 Srimangal Sylhet division [12] 31 January 1964 45.1 Rajshahi Rajshahi division [13][14] 18 May 1972
Flag of Bhutan Bhutan -12 Hurchi [15] [16] 23 February 1993 and 30 December 1994 40 Phuentsholing [17] 1997
Flag of Brunei Brunei 18.4 Bandar Seri Begawan [18] 38.3 Bandar Seri Begawan [18][19]
Flag of Burma Burma -6 Haka Chin state [20] 30 December 1990 46 Magwe Magwe division [20][21] 30 April 1980
Flag of Cambodia Cambodia 8.0 Val d’Emeraude, Bok Kou (Bokor) [22] January 1929 41.4 Stŏeng Trĕng [23]
Flag of the People's Republic of China China -52.3 Mohe Heilongjiang province [24] 13 February 1962 49.6 Turpan (Turfan) Xinjiang (Sinkiang) Autonomous Region [25] 13 July 1975
Flag of Cyprus Cyprus -10.2 Prodromos [26][27] 5 February 1997 44.4 Lefkosia (Nicosia) [28][29] August 1956
Flag of East Timor East Timor 1 Hatubuiliku (Hato Builico) [30] 38.0 Vikeke (Viqueque) [31][32] 31 December 1931
Flag of Georgia (country) Georgia -38 Akhalk’alak’i [33][34] 42.5 Chiat’ura [10] 31 August 2006
Flag of Hong Kong Hong Kong (China) -3.0 Tai Mo Shan Farm [35][36][37] 5 February 1969, 9 February 1972 and 26 February 1974 37.7 Ta Kwu Ling [38] 1 July 2004
Flag of India India -28.6 Leh Jammu and Kashmir state [39][40][41] 10 January and/or 11 January 1899 50.6 Pachpadra Rajasthan state [42] 25 May 1886
Alwar Rajasthan state [43] 10 May 1956
Flag of Indonesia Indonesia 0.5 Dieng Jawa Tengah (Central Java) province [44] 27 September 1925 39.5 Jatiwangi Jawa Barat (West Java) province [10] 19 November 2006
Flag of Iran Iran -36.1 Saqqez (Saghez) Kordestān province [45] 12 February 1972 52.5 Omīdīyeh Khūzestān province [46][47] 4 August 2001
Flag of Iraq Iraq -17.6 Al-Mawşil (Mosul) Ninawa province [48][49] 24 January 1911 51.7 Ash-Shu‘aybah Al-Başrah province [48] 8 August 1937
Ad-Dīwānīyah Al-Qādisiyyah province [48] 8 August 1938
Flag of Israel Israel -13.7 Tel Tanim Bet Netofa Valley [50] 7 February 1950 53.7 Tirat Zvi (Tirat Ẕevi) Beit She’an valley [51][52] 21 June 1942
Flag of Japan Japan -41.0 Asahikawa Hokkaidō prefecture [53] 25 January 1902 40.9 Kumagaya Saitama prefecture and Tajimi Gifu prefecture [54] 16 August 2007
Flag of Jordan Jordan -12.0 Ash-Shawbak 28 January 1992 48.8 Al-‘Aqabah [55]
Flag of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan -51.6 Astana [56] 5 January 1893 49.1 Turkestan [56] 30 July 1983
Flag of North Korea North Korea -43.6 Junggangjin (Chunggangjin) [57] 12 January 1933 39.6 Wonsan [58] 20 July 1906
Flag of South Korea South Korea -32.6 Yangpyong [57] 5 January 1981 40.0 Daegu (Taegu) [58] and the inland basin [59] 1 August 1942
Flag of Kuwait Kuwait -4.0 Al-Kuwayt (Kuwait) International Airport [60][61] 20 January 1964 51.9 Abdaly [62] 27 July 2007
Flag of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan -53.6 Ak-Say region Issyk Kul (Ysyk-Köl) province [63][64] 44 Lower Chüy River valley and Fergana Valley foothills [65][66]
Flag of Laos Laos -3.2 Xiangkhoang [67] 31 December 1939 42.0 Savannakhét [68][69] March 1933
Flag of Lebanon Lebanon -22.7 Al-Yammūnah 20 January 1964 47 Ḩawsh adh-Dhahab 31 July 1957
Flag of Macau Macau (China) -1.8 Macau [70] 26 January 1948 38.9 Macau [71] 6 July 1930
Flag of the Maldives Maldives 17.2 Malé [72] 11 April 1978 36.8 Kadhdhoo [72] 19 May 1991
Flag of Malaysia Malaysia 7.8 Cameron Highlands Pahang state [73][74] 1 February 1978 40.1 Chuping Perlis state [73] 9 April 1998
Flag of Mongolia Mongolia -56 Uvs Nuur (Lake Uvs) region [75] 31 December 1972 44 Hongor [75] 24 July 1999
Flag of Nepal Nepal -26 Thakmarpha Mustang district [76] 46.4 Dhangadi [77] 16 June 1995
Flag of Oman Oman -3.6 Sayq (Saiq) [10][78] 26 January 1983 50.8 Al-Buraymī [10] 16 July 1990
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan -26.0 Astore (Astor) Northern Areas (Kashmir) region [79] 24 December and 25 December 1910 52.8 Jacobābād Sindh province [70] 12 June 1919
Palestinian flag Palestine -7.1 Al-Ḫalīl (Hebron) 51.2 Qalya (Kallia, Dead Sea North) [53] 22 June 1942
Flag of the Philippines Philippines 3.0 Baguio [80] 7 January 1903 42.2 Tuguegarao [81] 29 April 1912 and 11 May 1969
Flag of Qatar Qatar 3.8 Ad-Dawḥah (Doha) [82][83] 21 January 1964 49.6 Ad-Dawḥah (Doha) International Airport [10] 9 July 2000
Flag of Russia Russia (Siberia) -67.7 Oymyakon Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) [84][85] 6 February 1933 41.6 Aleysk Altayskiy Kray [56] 5 July 1997
Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia -12 Turayf [86][87] 1950 51.7 Abqaiq [88]
Flag of Singapore Singapore 18.9 Singapore [89] 10 February 1895 and 28 February 1902 36.1 Singapore [89] 13 May 1914
Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka -2.7 Nuwara-Eliya [90] 8 February 1914 39.9 Anuradhapura [91]
Flag of Syria Syria -18.5 Sirghāyā Rif Dimashq governorate [92] January 1983 49.4 Al-Ḥasakah Al-Ḥasakah governorate [93] 30 July 2000
Flag of the Republic of China Taiwan -6.2 Jhengjhong village, Alishan [94][95] 5 March 2005 40.2 Chenggong (Ch’engkung) [96][94] 9 May 2004
Flag of Tajikistan Tajikistan -51.6 Shaymak Kuhistoni Badakhshon province [10][97] 3 January 1986 47.0 Shahrtuz Khatlon province and Esanboy Rudaki district [98][99]
Flag of Thailand Thailand -1.5 Dan Sai Loei province [100][101] 5 January 1974 44.5 Uttaradit Uttaradit province [102] 27 April 1960
Flag of Turkey Turkey -45.6 Ağrı Ağrı province [103] 20 January 1972 48.5 Dalaman Muğla province [103] 19 July 1973
Flag of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan -35 Cheshme [104] 1969 50.1 Repetek [105] 28 July 1983
Flag of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates -1 Al-Rekna (Raknah) (near Al-‘Ayn) Abū Ẓabī (Abu Dhabi) emirate [106][107] January 2008 50.3 Al-Liwā’ Abū Ẓabī (Abu Dhabi) emirate [108] 1 August 2005
Flag of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan -38.5 Karakalpakiya [10][109] 14 February 1994 48.4 Tomdybuloq (Tamdybulak) [56][110] 29 July 1983 and 8 July 2005
Flag of Vietnam Vietnam -3.2 Sa Pa (Cha Pa) Lào Cai province [111][112] 14 December 1975 43 Tây Hiếu Nghệ An province [113] 1 April 2007
Flag of Yemen Yemen -3.0 Şan‛ā’ [114] 26 January 1878 46.3 Say‛ūn [115] 27 August 1987

[edit] Notes and References

  1. ^ The Integration of Biodiversity into National Environmental Assessment Procedures. National Case Studies: Afghanistan, United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
  2. ^ This reading is possibly unreliable. -46.1°C was recorded at Shahrak on 15 February 1975.
  3. ^ Meteorological Year Book 1983, Afghan Meteorological Authority, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 18 July 2007.
  4. ^ Temperatures up to 52°C reported from western Nīmrūz province, including 51°C at Zaranj are believed to be unreliable.
  5. ^ State in Brief, Armenia Development Gateway. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
  6. ^ The High Temperature in Armenia, ArmeniaTV. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  7. ^ Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic, Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology, Azerbaijan. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  8. ^ -42°C has been reported from the Great Caucasus Station at high elevation in the Caucasus Mountains in the North of Azerbaijan.
  9. ^ Weather Archive for Azerbaijan, Russia’s Weather Server – Weather Archive. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Global Summary of the Day (GSOD), National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
  11. ^ The reading has also been quoted as 2.4°C but this is believed to be an error. -5°C reported from Awālī on the same day is unreliable.
  12. ^ Pakistan Weather Review 1964, Monthly Weather Report, January, Government of Pakistan, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
  13. ^ Multitemporal ERS-1 SAR images of the Brahmaputra flood plains in Northern Bangladesh, European Space Agency Publications. Retrieved 20 April 2008.
  14. ^ Location of the record is believed to be correct.
  15. ^ The Weather in Bumthang 1993, Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
  16. ^ The Weather in Bumthang 1994, Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Government of Bhutan. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
  17. ^ Mercury Rising, Kuensel Online. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
  18. ^ a b The Climate of Brunei, National Environment Agency, Singapore. Retrieved 31 January 2007.
  19. ^ Probably recorded in April 1983 and April 1998.
  20. ^ a b High of 40C, low of 13C in Yangon for 2003, The Myanmar Times and Business Review. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
  21. ^ Some sources give the maximum record in the last 30 years as 45.8°C at Minbu Magwe division on 9 May 1998.
  22. ^ Annales du Service Météorologique de l’Indochine, Année 1929, Gouvernement Générale du l’Indochine, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
  23. ^ Country Report: Cambodia: Water Resources Management in Cambodia, Asian Development Bank. Retrieved 28 April 2008.
  24. ^ Mohe - der kälteste Ort in China, China Internet Information Center (CIIC). Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  25. ^ 歷史上的吐魯番 (History of the Turpan), Epoch USA. Retrieved 20 March 2007.
  26. ^ Climatological Data 1991-2000, Prodromos, Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
  27. ^ The date is believed to be correct.
  28. ^ Klimatabelle für Nikosia (Levkosia / Lefkoşa), wetter.com. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  29. ^ Cyprus Mail: News Articles in English, 98-07-22: Multiple heat waves are here to stay, Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  30. ^ Análise da aptidão cultural de Timor-Leste utilizando um Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Instituto Politécnico de Beja. Retrieved 31 March 2008.
  31. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias Relativos a 1931, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 28 February 2007.
  32. ^ Numerous reports of temperatures between 40°C and 45°C reported from Vikeke, Likisá (Liquica) and Manatuto are unreliable. 39°C reported from Barique, and 38°C reported from Baucau and Bobonaro are possibly reliable.
  33. ^ Климатические Параметры Холодного Периода Года, Метеоцентр. Retrieved 9 April 2007.
  34. ^ -42°C has been reported at high elevation from the Qazbegi (Kazbegi) meteorological station.
  35. ^ Frost, rime, sleet and other winter phenomena in Hong Kong. Technical Note (Local) No. 10, Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  36. ^ Extreme Temperatures in Hong Kong. Technical Note (Local) No. 22, Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  37. ^ -5.3°C was recorded at high elevation on the uninhabited summit of Tai Mo Shan on 5 February 1969.
  38. ^ Daily Weather Summary, Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 19 January 2007.
  39. ^ The India Weather Review for the Year 1899, Government of India Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 23 October 2007.
  40. ^ A separate table in the same document reports a minimum of -28.3°C at Leh (possibly at a different station in the town) on 10 January and 11 January 1899, so the exact date of the -28.6°C reading is probably one or both of these dates.
  41. ^ Much lower temperatures have been reported from Jammu and Kashmir state but none are believed to be reliable: -55°C from the Siachen Glacier in the Ladakh region, -62°C from Drās (supposedly the second coldest inhabited town in the world) in 1997, -35°C from Leh in 1991, and -32.8°C from Kargil in January 1919.
  42. ^ Blanford, H.F. (1889). A Practical Guide to the Climates and Weather of India, Ceylon and Burmah and the Storms of Indian Seas. MacMillan.
  43. ^ Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years, Indian Geophysical Union. Retrieved 9 April 2007.
  44. ^ -8°C has been reported near the summit of Puncak Jaya Papua province on the island of New Guinea. -4°C has been reported on the Dieng Plateau, Jawa Tengah (Central Java) province.
  45. ^ Saghez Means and Extremes 1961-2005, Islamic Republic Of Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
  46. ^ Climatological Normals, Hamidiyeh, Islamic Republic of Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 19 July 2007.
  47. ^ Numerous temperature readings in Iran of up to 54°C are probably unreliable.
  48. ^ a b c Climatological Means for Iraq, Government of Iraq Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 March 2007.
  49. ^ The date of this reading is believed to be correct.
  50. ^ Google Search Engine, Google Books. (The Climate of Israel: Observation, Research, and Application by Y. Goldreich.) Retrieved 24 April 2008.
  51. ^ Israel in Figures 1999, Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
  52. ^ It is believed that the temperature originally recorded by a thermograph as 54.0°C was later corrected downwards.
  53. ^ a b McWhirter, Norris and Ross McWhirter (1969). Dunlop Illustrated Encyclopedia of Facts. Doubleday. ISBN 0385011199.
  54. ^ Record heat at 40.9 degrees; 9 people die, The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  55. ^ Aqaba Housing Competition, Centre for the Study of the Built Environment. Retrieved 9 April 2007.
  56. ^ a b c d Climate Explorer, The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Retrieved 9 April 2007.
  57. ^ a b Der kälteste und der wärmste Ort in Korea, KBS World Radio. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
  58. ^ a b 한반도 상식 Q&A (7) – 알송달송과학나라, icross. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
  59. ^ Climate of Korea, Chollian.net. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
  60. ^ Weather & Meteorological and Environment Conditions, Ministry of Planning. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
  61. ^ Some sources quote a temperature of -6.1°C in Al-Kuwayt (Kuwait) International Airport in January 1964. -4.4°C was reported from Kuwait in January 1911.
  62. ^ Månadens världsväder, Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institute (SMHI). Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  63. ^ Кыргызская Республика, Международный Фонд спасения Арала. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  64. ^ The exact location of this recording is not known. -44.0°C was recorded at the Tian-Shan’ meteorological station in Issyk Kul province on 2 February 1979 although this may be an uninhabited area. Near to Tian-Shan’ the village of Ak-Shyyrak recorded -43.9°C on 20 February 1995.
  65. ^ Климат, Welcome.kg. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  66. ^ The exact location of these recordings is not known. 46°C reported from the Chuy province is probably unreliable. 42.8°C was recorded at Bishkek on 30 July 1983.
  67. ^ Annales du Service Météorologique de L’Indochine, Années 1938 et 1939, Gouvernement Générale du l’Indochine, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
  68. ^ Annales du Service Météorologique de l’Indochine, Année 1933, Gouvernement Générale du l’Indochine, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
  69. ^ 44.8°C reported from Louangphrabang in April 1915 and April 1960 is probably unreliable.
  70. ^ a b Macau Weather Guide. Retrieved 19 January 2007.
  71. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias Relativos a 1930, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 28 February 2007.
  72. ^ a b Climate of Maldives, Department of Meteorology, Maldives. Retrieved 19 June 2007.
  73. ^ a b General Climate Information, Malaysian Meteorological Department. Retrieved 30 November 2007.
  74. ^ 2.2°C reported from the same location on 6 January 1937 is probably unreliable.
  75. ^ a b Observed Climate Change in Mongolia, Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC). Retrieved 19 October 2007.
  76. ^ Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  77. ^ Absolute Extreme Temperatures in Various Stations, Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  78. ^ -5°C has been reported from high elevation on Jabal Shām (Jebel Shams).
  79. ^ The India Weather Review for the Year 1910, Government of India Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  80. ^ Philippine Trivia: Facts You Should Know, Rizal High School Batch ’81 Alumni Web Site. Retrieved 30 November 2007.
  81. ^ The Philippines’ Initial National Communication on Climate Change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  82. ^ Google Search Engine, Google. (Some aspects of climate and economic activities in the Arab Gulf states by Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Babikir, 1986. Earth Env. Sc., Vol.13, No.3).
  83. ^ The year recorded for this low temperature is erroneously given as 1969, instead of 1964.
  84. ^ On the Lowest Temperatures on Earth, Monthly Weather Review, January 1958, pp6-10, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 18 March 2006.
  85. ^ The next lowest temperature recorded in Siberia is -67.6°C at Verkhoyansk Respublika Sakha on 5 February and 7 February 1892.
  86. ^ Arabian Desert, Britannica Online. Retrieved 30 March 2007.
  87. ^ -13°C has been reported from the north of the country.
  88. ^ Google Search Engine, Google. (The Extent of Desertification on Saudi Arabia by Ammar A. Amin, 2004. Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 46, No. 1, Springer).
  89. ^ a b More recently reported extremes are 19.4°C on 31 January 1934, and 36.0°C at Paya Lebar on 26 March 1998.
  90. ^ Health the hot side of cold weather, The Sunday Times Online. Retrieved 14 March 2007.
  91. ^ Ceylon, Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  92. ^ Muhammad Ibrahim, Syria Meteorology.
  93. ^ Weather Archive for Syria, Russia’s Weather Server – Weather Archive. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  94. ^ a b Monthly Weather Data, Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
  95. ^ The lowest temperature recorded in a large urban area in the lowlands is -1.0°C at Taizhong (T’aichung) in February 1901. -11.5°C has been reported from Alishan. -18.4°C has been reported at high elevation on Yushan North Peak on 31 January 1970.
  96. ^ Taiwan Year Book 2006 – Geography, Government Information Office. Retrieved 4 April 2007.
  97. ^ -63°C has been reported from Lake Bulunqul (Lake Bulunkul’) also in Badakhshon province. If this reading is correct, it would make it one of the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere.
  98. ^ Национальная Программа Действий по борьбе с опустыниванием в Таджикистане, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  99. ^ 48°C reported from a number of locations is probably unreliable. Highest dated temperature is 46.0°C reported from Qŭrghonteppa (Kurgan-Tyube) on 11 July 1958, Shahrtuz on 24 June 1977, Ayvadzh on 10 July 1979 and Panj on 11 July 1979 (all in Khatlon province).
  100. ^ Weekly Weather Report During the Period 31 December 1973 – 6 January 1974, Meteorological Department, Bangkok, Thailand, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  101. ^ -8°C has been reported at high elevation on Thailand’s highest peak, Doi Inthanon.
  102. ^ Mercury hits 44C in Tak as Thailand has its hottest day in 47 years, The Nation. Retrieved 29 November 2007.
  103. ^ a b Olağandışı Hava Olayları, Eğitim Portalı. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
  104. ^ Самая холодная зима, или О метеорекордах Туркменистана, Туркменистан: золотой век. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
  105. ^ Report on implementation of the UNCCD in Turkmenistan, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
  106. ^ Temperature dips to record low in the country, gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  107. ^ The exact location of Rekna is not known. -5°C has been reported at high elevation in the mountains of Ra‛alat al-Jees in Ra‛s al-Khaymah emirate in December 2004.
  108. ^ Dubai swelters as thermometers record hottest day in six years, UAE Interact. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
  109. ^ -40°C has been reported from Karakalpakiya.
  110. ^ Temperatures of 49.5°C and higher reported from Termez in 1912, 1914 and 1944, and 49°C reported from Mubarek are probably unreliable.
  111. ^ Thông báo khí hậu năm 2005 - Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Khí tượng – Khí hậu. Lời Giới Thiệu, Trung tâm Dự báo. Khí tượng Thuỷ văn Trung ương. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  112. ^ -5.7°C was recorded at high elevation in the Hoàng Liên Sơn Mountain Range Lào Cai province on the same day, 14 December 1975. The exact location of the reading is unknown and is possibly permanently inhabited.
  113. ^ Diễn biến khí hậu ở Việt Nam, Trung tâm Dự báo. Khí tượng Thuỷ văn Trung ương. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  114. ^ Arabia, LoveToKnow Classic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10 February 2008.
  115. ^ Historical Weather: Sayun, Yemen, El Tiempo. Retrieved 30 November 2007.