User:Howardrford/Africa

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The following table lists records of extreme temperature in territories of Africa.


Territory Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature
T°C Place Date T°C Place Date
Africa -23.9 Īfrān (Ifrane) Flag of Morocco Morocco 11 February 1935 58.0 al-‘Azīzīyah Flag of Libya Libya 13 September 1922
Flag of Algeria Algeria -20.0 Bātnah Bātnah province [1] 4 January 1945 50.6 ‘Ayn Ṣālih (In Salah) Tamanrasset province [2] 12 July 2002
Flag of Angola Angola -8.3 Chitembo Bié province [3] 31 July 1947 43.5 Dondo Cuanza Norte province [4] 16 November 1942
Flag of Benin Benin 8.5 Kandi [5] 12 January 1957 43.9 Kandi [5][6] 19 April 1983
Flag of Botswana Botswana -10.6 Tsabong [7][8] 30 July 1953 42.4 Khomo (Gomo) [9][10] January 1932
Flag of Norway Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya) (Nor.) -18.7 [11][12] 8 September 2005 10.6 [11][12] 13 March 2005
Flag of British Indian Ocean Territory British Indian Ocean Territory (UK) 18.3 Diego Garcia [13] 37.2 Diego Garcia [14] 9 February 1998
Flag of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 5.0 Markoye [15][16] January 1975 47.2 Dori [15][17] 1984
Flag of Burundi Burundi 4.6 Gisozi (Kisozi) [18][19] 8 August 1962 36.1 Bujumbura [20]
Flag of Cameroon Cameroon 3.0 Adamawa (Adamaoua) plateau [21][22] January 1892 47.7 Kousséri Extrême-Nord province [23] 18 April 1908
Flag of Canary Islands Canary Islands (Sp.) 1.1 Vilaflor Tenerife [24][25] 49 Sabinar-Lomo Negro El Hierro [26] 6 September 1986
Flag of Cape Verde Cape Verde 5.0 Monte Velha Fogo [27] March 1943 36.9 Praia São Tiago (Santiago) [28][29] 7 November 2006
Flag of the Central African Republic Central African Republic 3.1 Birao [30] 19 January 1956 45 Birao [31] 22 March 1985
Flag of Chad Chad 4.5 Faya (Faya-Largeau) Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti region [5][32] 26 December 1968 47.4 Faya-Largeau (Faya) Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti region [5][33] 3 June and 9 June 1961
Flag of the Comoros Comoros 13.6 Moroni Ngazidja (Grande Comore) [34] 35.6 Moroni Ngazidja (Grande Comore) [34]
Flag of the Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo 8.9 Sibiti [5] 28 July 1954 39.0 Impfondo [35][36] 14 May 2005
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo -1.5 Sakania Katanga province [37] 11 January 1949 38.7 Eala (near Mbandaka) Équateur province [38][39] March 1911
Flag of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire 6.0 Man [5] 10 January and 11 January 1957 41.5 Odienné [5] 5 February 1998
Flag of Djibouti Djibouti 12.5 Ali-Sabieh [40] 26 December 1964 49.5 Djibouti-Serpent [41][42] July 1934
Tadjourah [43][42] July 1951
Flag of Egypt Egypt -8.8 Qal‘at an-Nakhl (Nakhl) Shamal Sinā’ (Northern Sinai) governorate [11][44] 16 January 2008 51.0 Aswān Aswān governorate [45][46] 4 July 1918
Flag of Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 8 Valle de Moka Bioko [47] 35.3 Malabo Bioko [26][48] 18 February 1957
Flag of Eritrea Eritrea -1.1 Asmara [20] 48.0 Massawa [49][50]
Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia -7 Central Ethiopian Highlands [51][52] January 2004 48.9 Dallol Afar region [53] May 1962 and July 1966
Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Fr.) [54] -9.4 Base de Port-aux-Français Kerguelen [55] 27 June 1953 26.4 Martin de Viviès Île Amsterdam [5] 30 January 2005
Flag of Gabon Gabon 10.0 Mékambo [5] 30 July 1964 37.5 Tchibanga [11] 6 May 2008
Flag of The Gambia Gambia 7.2 Banjul [56] 45.5 Basse Santa Su [11] 4 May 2008
Flag of Ghana Ghana 8.9 Dormaa-Ahenkro [57] 9 January 1957 43.9 Navrongo [58][59]
Flag of Guinea Guinea 2.5 Bareing Mamou region [60] 2 January 1982 42.5 Siguiri Kankan region [28][61] 20 April 1995
Flag of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 7.0 Farim [62] 31 January 1961 43.6 Bafatá [63] 18 March 1969
Flag of Kenya Kenya -2.2 Chagaik Estate Kericho district [64][65] 42.6 Wajir [66] 24 February 2007
Flag of Lesotho Lesotho -20.4 Letseng-la-Draai (Letseng-la-Terae) [67][68] 12 June 1967 38.5 Maseru [69][70]
Flag of Liberia Liberia 12.8 Roberts International Airport (Robertsfield) [71][72] 40.6 Sikombe [73][74][75] February 1905
Flag of Libya Libya -9.0 Hūn [37] 10 January 1938 58.0 al-‘Azīzīyah [37][76] 13 September 1922
Flag of Madagascar Madagascar -8.5 Nanokely Antananarivo province [77][78][79] 23 July 1963 and August 1964 44.4 Behara Toliara province [37][80] 20 November 1940
Flag of Madeira Madeira (Port.) 4.4 Funchal [81][82] 38.5 Funchal [81][83]
Flag of Malawi Malawi -6.7 Chelinda [84] 45.0 Ngabu [85] 24 November 1994
Flag of Mali Mali 0.5 Kidal Kidal region [86] 1 February 1928 48.2 Gao Gao region [28][87] 30 May 1988
Flag of Mauritius Mauritius 6.5 Belle Rive Quartier Militaire town [88][89] 20 July 1986 37.5 Port Louis [88][89] 7 February 1975
Flag of Mauritania Mauritania 1.0 Bir Moghrein Tiris Zemmour region [5][90] 27 December and 31 December 1946 50.0 Akjoujt Inchiri region [91] 27 July 1939
Flag of Mayotte Mayotte (Fr.) 15.6 Dzaoudzi Pamandzi International Airport Pamandzi Island [92] 35.0 Dzaoudzi Pamandzi International Airport Pamandzi Island [43][92] 25 January 1952
Flag of Morocco Morocco -23.9 Īfrān (Ifrane) Meknès-Tafilalt region [93] 11 February 1935 48.9 al-Massira Airport, Aghādīr (Agadir) Souss-Massa-Dra region [94][95] 10 July 1994
Flag of Mozambique Mozambique -2.8 Mauè Tete province [96] 17 July 1947 47.1 Umbelúzi Maputo province [96][97] 24 September 1931
Flag of Namibia Namibia -10.5 Stampriet Hardap region [98] 47.8 Noordoewer Karas region [98]
Flag of Niger Niger -2.4 Bilma Agadez department [5][99] 13 January 1995 47.1 Bilma Agadez department [5][100] 24 May 1998
Flag of Nigeria Nigeria 2.8 Potiskum Yobe state [101][102] 8 January 1957 47.2 Sokoto Sokoto state [20][103]
Hadejia Jigawa state [104][105]
Flag of Réunion Réunion (Fr.) -4.0 La-Plaine-des-Cafres [106] 21 August 1956 36.9 Le Port [107] 25 February 2003
Flag of Rwanda Rwanda 7.0 Ruasa (Lake Ruhondo) [108] August 1909 35.4 Kigali [109][110] 22 February 2005
Flag of Saint Helena Saint Helena (UK) -2.7 Gough Island [5] 29 August 1967 34.0 Georgetown Ascension [111][112] April 2003
Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe 8.7 Roça, Monte Café São Tomé [113][114] 36 São Tomé São Tomé various dates
Flag of Senegal Senegal 4.2 Diourbel [115] January 1947 48.8 Matam [116] 26 May 1993
Flag of the Seychelles Seychelles 17.5 Aldabra [117] 36.3 Aldabra [117]
Flag of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 9.0 Makeni [118][119] 39.5 Makeni [118][120]
Flag of Somalia Somalia 2.8 Hargeysa [121][122] 47.7 Berbera [123][124] 5 July 2006
Flag of South Africa South Africa -18.6 Buffelsfontein Eastern Cape province [125] 28 June 1996 48.8 Vioolsdrif Northern Cape province [126] January 1993
Flag of Sudan Sudan -1 Zalingei Gharb Dārfūr (West Darfur) state [127][128] December 1961 and January 1962 49.1 Dongola ash-Shamālīyah (Northern) state [127][129] June 1978
Flag of Swaziland Swaziland -6.1 Mbabane [130] 22 July 1957 46.0 Sidvokodvo (Dearn) [131] September 1931
Flag of Tanzania Tanzania -2.1 Shume (Neu-Hornow) Tanga region [132][133] September 1907 39.4 Zanzibar (Kisauni) International Airport Zanzibar Urban/West region [134][135] 27 February 2007
Flag of Togo Togo 9.8 Palimé (Kpalimé) [136][137][138] 28 January 1911 43.4 Sansanné-Mango [28][139] 24 March 2007
Flag of Tunisia Tunisia -9.0 Burj al-Haṭṭabah (Fort-Saint) [37] 22 December 1940 50.1 al-Burmah (El Borma) [140][141] 26 July 2005
Flag of Uganda Uganda 2.8 Kabale [142] [143] 15 August 1936 39.4 Kitgum [144][145] 15 March 1953
Flag of Western Sahara Western Sahara (Mor.) 2.8 al-‘Ayūn (Laâyoune) [28] 20 December 1967 50.7 S‘mārah (Semara) [26] 13 July 1961
S‘mārah (Semara)
Flag of Zambia Zambia -8.0 Nalisa Western province [21] 10 July 1898 42.3 Mfuwe Eastern province [146] 17 November 2005
Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe -9.5 Matobo Matabeleland South province [147][148] July 1968 45.6 Kariba Mashonaland West province [149][150] 13 November 1955

[edit] Notes and References

  1. ^ Bulletin Mensuel 1945, Algérie du Nord, Institut de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe de l’Algérie, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
  2. ^ Temperatures between 51°C and 57°C have been reported from various places in Algeria including Tindūf, Timimūn, Warqlā (Ouargla) and Tūjurt (Touggourt) but none are believed to be reliable.
  3. ^ Elementos Meteorológicos e Climatológicos Angola 1947, Colonia de Angola, Serviço Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
  4. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias Relativos a 1942, Direcção Geral de Fomento Colonial, Serviço Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Climate Explorer, The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  6. ^ 46.0°C reported from Kandi in April 1940 is unreliable. Temperatures of up to 44.5°C also reported from Kandi in April 1952 are possibly reliable.
  7. ^ Report for the Year 1953, Weather Bureau, Department of Transport, Republic of South Africa, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 8 March 2008.
  8. ^ -15.0°C reported from the same place is probably unreliable.
  9. ^ Report for the Years 1931-1932, Meteorological Office, Republic of South Africa, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 14 March 2008.
  10. ^ 43.9°C reported from Ghanzi on 25 February 1922 and from Gaborone on 30 December 1948 are unreliable. 42.6°C reported from Tsabong is probably unreliable.
  11. ^ a b c d e Form to get daily summaries from synop reports, OGIMet. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  12. ^ a b Data is taken from an extremely short available record.
  13. ^ Klimatabelle für Diego Garcia / Chagos-Archipel, wetter.com. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
  14. ^ Historical Weather: Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory, El Tiempo. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  15. ^ a b Programme d’Action National d’Adaptation à la Variabilité et aux Changements Climatiques (PANA du Burkina Faso), Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie, Burkina Faso. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  16. ^ 2.9°C reported from Banankeledara (Banankélédaga) near Bobo Dioulasso, and 5.0°C reported from the same place in 1971 are probably unreliable.
  17. ^ 47.9°C reported from both Fada Ngourma and Ouagadougou is probably unreliable.
  18. ^ Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi (ISABU), Rapport Annuel 1962, Environnement et Forêt en Afrique Centrale. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
  19. ^ Temperatures are believed to fall below 0°C at higher altitudes.
  20. ^ a b c Le climat dans le monde, MeteoFrance. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  21. ^ a b Knox, Alexander (1911). The Climate of the Continent of Africa. The University Press.
  22. ^ -2.7°C has been recorded at high altitude on the summit of Fako Peak, Mount Cameroon.
  23. ^ Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zum Deutschen Kolonialblatte, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
  24. ^ Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System, Phytosociological Research Center. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  25. ^ -21.0°C was recorded at high altitude at Cañada de la Grieta on Pico del Teide, Tenerife in 1912.
  26. ^ a b c Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (España)
  27. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias, Relativos a 1943, Ministérios das Colónias, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
  28. ^ a b c d e Global Summary of the Day (GSOD), National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  29. ^ Temperatures up to 38°C reported from Praia are possibly reliable.
  30. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1956, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
  31. ^ Historical Weather: Birao, Central African Republic, El Tiempo. Retrieved 4 February 2007
  32. ^ 2.6°C reported from Faya (Faya-Largeau) on 31 December 1951 is incorrect. Temperatures below 0°C are believed to occur in the Tibesti Mountains.
  33. ^ 49.7°C reported from Faya (Faya-Largeau) on 26 May 1952 is incorrect.
  34. ^ a b Moroni / I.Njazidja (Grande Comore) (Komoren), wetter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
  35. ^ Bulletin Agrométéorologique - 2ème Décade, Mois:Mai 2005, Direction de la Météorologie Nationale du Congo – Brazzaville. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
  36. ^ This reading is possibly unreliable. 41.0°C reported from Ouésso in March 1950 and April 1950 is unreliable.
  37. ^ a b c d e McWhirter, Norris and Ross McWhirter (1969). Dunlop Illustrated Encyclopedia of Facts. Doubleday. ISBN 0385011199.
  38. ^ Climatology, from J. Roland and E. Duchesne, Cours Complet de Géographie, Le Congo Belge, Namur 1914, pp.14-15, Zentrale für Unterrichtsmedien. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  39. ^ 41.0°C reported from Yahila Orientale province is probably unreliable.
  40. ^ Résumé Mensuel de Temps 1964, Côte Française des Somalis, Service Météorologique, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 17 February 2007.
  41. ^ Annales des Services Météorologique de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1959, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 4 February 2006.
  42. ^ a b Temperatures at Lac Assal (Lake Asal) are believed to exceed 52°C.
  43. ^ a b Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1952, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 October 2006.
  44. ^ -15°C has been reported at high altitude on Jabal Katrīnah (Mount Catherine) Janub Sinā’ (Southern Sinai) governorate.
  45. ^ Meteorological Report for the Year 1918, Ministry of Public Works, Egypt, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  46. ^ This reading is possibly unreliable. 50.6°C was reported from Aswān on 8 June 1932, and 50.3°C from al-Khārījah (Kharga Oasis) al-Wādi al-Jadid (New Valley) governorate on 9 June 1961.
  47. ^ Isla de Bioko, La Web Cultural de Guinea Ecuatorial. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  48. ^ 39°C reported from Malabo is unreliable.
  49. ^ Klimatabelle für Massaua (Mitsiwa), wetter.com. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  50. ^ 49.1°C reported from Nokra Nokra Desēt island in the Dehalak’ (Dahlak) archipelago is probably unreliable.
  51. ^ Agrometeorological Assessment of Bega 2003/2004, World Agrometeorological Information Service. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  52. ^ -8.0 reported from Jīma (Jimma) and similar temperatures reported from Alemaya (both in the Oromoa region) are probably unreliable. -15°C has been reported from high altitude on the Sanetti Plateau, also in the Oromia region.
  53. ^ Dallol Weather, Bob Strauss, WCU. Retrieved 8 July 2007.
  54. ^ Data excludes territory below 60°S, as defined by the Antarctic Treaty, thus excluding Adélie Land on the Antarctic mainland.
  55. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1953, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
  56. ^ Tables of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Precipitation for the World. Great Britain Meteorological Office (1958-1967).
  57. ^ 6.6°C reported from Bui, and 7.2°C reported from Dormaa-Ahenkro (dates unknown) are possibly reliable.
  58. ^ Climatology, Ghana Meteorological Services Department. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  59. ^ 47°C reported from Kintampo is unreliable.
  60. ^ Quelques Records en Guinée, Météorologie Nationale, République de Guinée. Retrieved 23 February 2007
  61. ^ 46.5°C reported on 8 March 1938, and 43.3°C reported on 1 March 1947, both at Boké Boké region are unreliable.
  62. ^ Resultados das observações meteorológicas, 1961, Serviço Meteorológico da Guiné, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  63. ^ Resultados das observações meteorológicas, Março de 1969, Serviço Meteorológico da Guiné, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  64. ^ Google Search Engine, Google. (The Impact of Resource Utilization on the Hydrology of the Mau Hills Forest in Kenya, by George O. Krhoda.) Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  65. ^ -19°C has been reported at high altitude near the summit of Kirinyaga (Mount Kenya), and -11°C at 4200m in the Teleki Valley on the slopes of the mountain.
  66. ^ Historical Weather: Wajir, Kenya, El Tiempo. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  67. ^ Quaternary Periglacial Landforms in the Sani Pass Area, Southern Africa. South African Association of Geomorphologists, Uppsala Universitet. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  68. ^ This reading has also possibly been reported as -21°C.
  69. ^ UNEP/GEF Climate Change Study in Lesotho, Project Number GF-2200-96-16 Vulnerability Assessment Report, Government of Lesotho. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  70. ^ The temperature is believed to have been recorded at Maseru. 41.7°C reported from Butha-Buthe in 1927 is unreliable.
  71. ^ Temperatures as low as 10°C are believed to be reached in the Wologizi Mountains.
  72. ^ 2.2°C reported from Sagleipie is probably unreliable.
  73. ^ Climatology of Liberia, Monthly Weather Review Vol.34, No.11, p.521., NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 April 2007.
  74. ^ The location of Sikombe is not known.
  75. ^ 42.8°C reported from Sagleipie is probably unreliable.
  76. ^ Temperatures of 55°C or more have not been reliably reported from anywhere in the world in the last 50 years and so this reading must be regarded with suspicion. A more reliable absolute maximum for Libya would be around 50°C. Jālū recorded 48.9°C on 30 May 1961.
  77. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps à Madagascar, 1963, Météorologie Nationale, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  78. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps à Madagascar, 1964, Météorologie Nationale, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  79. ^ -16°C was recorded at high altitude on the Andringitra Massif Fianarantsoa province in 1995. -10.0 was recorded at high altitude on the Ankaratra Massif Antananarivo province on 29 June 1915. -8.6 reported from Antsirabe Antananarivo province in August 1915 is probably unreliable.
  80. ^ 48.3°C reported from Ankazoabo Sud Toliara province is unreliable. 46.5°C reported from Tranoroa Toliara province in November 1936 is possibly reliable.
  81. ^ a b Klimatabelle für Funchal / Madeira, wetter.com. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
  82. ^ -3.9°C has been reported at high altitude on Pico de Arieiro (Arieiro Peak).
  83. ^ 39.4°C reported from Funchal is probably unreliable.
  84. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. (Orchids of Malawi, by I. La Croix "et al".) Retrieved 24 April 2008.
  85. ^ Department of Meteorological Services, Malawi
  86. ^ Mali météo, Météo Mali. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
  87. ^ Reports of temperatures exceeding 50°C are believed to be unreliable, including 54.5°C at Tombouctou (Timbuktu) and 54.4°C at Araouane (Arawan), both in the Tombouctou (Timbuktu) region, and 52.0°C at Ménaka in the Gao region. 48.8°C reported from Nioro du Sahel Kayes region in May 1936 is probably unreliable.
  88. ^ a b Mauritius Meteorological Services.
  89. ^ a b Initial National Communication of the Republic of Mauritius under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (April 1999). Chapter 1, National Circumstances, Government of Mauritius. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  90. ^ 0.0°C reported from the same place on 16 December 1962 is probably unreliable.
  91. ^ Service de Météorologie (Mauritania)
  92. ^ a b Klimatabelle für Dzaoudzi-Pamanzi, wetter.com. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
  93. ^ Fact Sheet No. 9 – Weather extremes, Met Office, UK. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  94. ^ Historical Weather: Agadir Al Massira, Morocco, El Tiempo. Retrieved 27 December 2007.
  95. ^ 51.7°C reported from Aghādīr (Agadir) Souss Massa Dra region on 17 August 1940, and 49.0°C reported from Marrakech Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz region are possibly reliable.
  96. ^ a b Boletim Mensual das Observações Meteorológicas 1956, Organizado Pelo Serviço Meteorológico, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 29 October 2006.
  97. ^ Temperatures between 48°C and 49°C reported from various places in Mozambique between 1940 and 1955 are believed to be unreliable.
  98. ^ a b van der Merwe, J.H., ed. (1983). National Atlas of South West Africa (Namibia). Directorate of Development Cooperation, Windhoek, and the Institute for Cartographic Analysis, University of Stellenbosch. ISBN 07972 0020 7.
  99. ^ -3.0°C reported from Bilma in January 1937 is unreliable.
  100. ^ 49.5°C reported from Diffa Diffa department on 7 September 1978, and 48.5°C reported from Tillabéri Tillabéri department in May 1939 are unreliable.
  101. ^ Google Search Engine, Google Books. (Proceedings of the Lagos International Seminar on Occupational Health for Developing Countries 1-6 April, 1968 Proceedings of the Science Association of Nigeria.) Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  102. ^ The date is believed to be correct. One source states the temperature was recorded on two consecutive days, so possibly also 9 January 1957.
  103. ^ 48.9°C reported from Dumjeri (near Kukawa) Borno state on 26 April 1906 is probably unreliable.
  104. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. (Heidelberger Geographische Arbeiten, by by Geographisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg.) Retrieved 26 April 2008.
  105. ^ Although reported as 47°C, the temperature was probably recorded as 117°F, or 47.2°C.
  106. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. (Les Cahiers d'outre-mer by Institut de la France d'outre-mer.) (Partial reference only.) Retrieved 20 April 2008.
  107. ^ 2003, année record pour les températures à La Réunion, Témoignages. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  108. ^ Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zum Deutschen Kolonialblatte, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  109. ^ Rwanda Meteorological Services.
  110. ^ Temperatures are believed to approach 38°C in the Nyagatare and Bugesera districts.
  111. ^ The Islander - Thursday 17th April 2003, The Islander. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  112. ^ 35.0°C reported from Wideawake Field (RAF Ascension Island) on 17 April 1971, and similar high temperatures reported from the same site in the early 1970’s are unreliable.
  113. ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias Relativos a 1942, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
  114. ^ 5°C has been reported at high altitude on São Tomé.
  115. ^ Annales des Services Météorologiques de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1951, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
  116. ^ Historical Weather: Matam, Senegal, El Tiempo. Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  117. ^ a b Farrow, G.E. (1971). The Climate of Aldabra Atoll. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Vol 260, No 836, pp67-91.
  118. ^ a b Klimadatenbank - Klimatabelle für Makene, wetter.com. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
  119. ^ 4.4°C reported from Musaia is probably unreliable.
  120. ^ 43.9°C reported from Kabala and 40.0°C from Musaia are probably unreliable.
  121. ^ Klimatabelle für Hargeysa, wetter.com. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
  122. ^ -3.3°C reported from Ceerigaabo (Erigavo) is probably unreliable, although temperatures are believed to fall below 0°C in the northern highland areas.
  123. ^ Historical Weather: Berbera, Somalia, El Tiempo. Retrieved 14 March 2007.
  124. ^ 50.2°C reported from Luuq, also known as Lugh Ferrandi or Lugh Ganane on 3 April 1933 is probably unreliable.
  125. ^ The Chiel, The Daily Dispatch. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
  126. ^ Higher temperatures reported are believed to be unreliable: 51.7°C at Upington Northern Cape province in 1948, 51.6°C at Main (location unknown) on 28 January 1903, and 50.3°C at Dunbrody, near Kirkwood Eastern Cape province in 1918 (some sources 1928).
  127. ^ a b Country Pasture Forage Resource Profiles, Sudan, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  128. ^ -2.0°C reported from Wādī Ḥalfā ash-Shamālīyah (Northern) state on 26 December 1917 is unreliable.
  129. ^ 49.7°C may have been recorded at Dongola. 49.5°C reported from Ṭawkar (Tokar) al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar (Red Sea) state on 9 July 1917, and from Abū Ḥamad Nahr an-Nil (River Nile) state on 27 July 1987 are probably unreliable. Temperatures as high as 52.8°C reported from Wādī Ḥalfā’ ash-Shamālīyah (Northern) state are unreliable.
  130. ^ Report for the Year 1957, Weather Bureau, Department of Transport, Republic of South Africa, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  131. ^ Report for the Years 1931-1932, Union of South Africa Meteorological Office, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
  132. ^ Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zum Deutschen Kolonialblatte, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  133. ^ -22°C has been reported from high altitude on the summit of Kilimanjaro.
  134. ^ Historical Weather: Zanzibar / Kisauni, Tanzania, El Tiempo. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
  135. ^ 39.8°C may have been recorded in the Dodoma Region on 10 February 1999.
  136. ^ Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Fünfundzwanzigster Band, 1912, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 26 April 2008.
  137. ^ 8°C reported from Sokodé is unreliable.
  138. ^ The date is believed to be correct.
  139. ^ 44.4°C reported from Sansanné-Mango in March 1947 and on 1 April 1992 are unreliable. 44.0°C reported from Dapaong is possibly reliable.
  140. ^ Historical Weather: El Borma, Tunisia, El Tiempo. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  141. ^ Temperatures up to 55°C have been reported from the desert areas of Tunisia but these are believed to be unreliable.
  142. ^ Meteorological Observations, 1936, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
  143. ^ -7.7°C has been reported at high altitude on Ruwenzori.
  144. ^ Summary of Meteorological Observations for 1953. Part III: Uganda, East African Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  145. ^ 40.1°C reported at Soroti on 5 February and 6 February 1949 is unreliable.
  146. ^ Zambia Institute of Meteorology.
  147. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. (Historical Dictionary of Zimbabwe by Steven C. Rubert and R. Kent Rasmussen.) (Partial reference only.) Retrieved 14 April 2008.
  148. ^ Date is probably between the 13th and 16th of July.
  149. ^ Google Books Search Engine, Google Books. Retrieved 14 April 2008. (Partial reference only.)
  150. ^ The date is believed to be correct.