House of Zähringen

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

House of Zähringen

Country:	Baden
Titles:	Count, Margrave, Grand Duke
Founder:	Berthold I, Count in the Breisgau
Final ruler:	Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden
Current head:	Maximilian, Margrave of Baden
Founding year:	c. 962
Dissolution:	1918
Ethnicity:	German

Zähringen is the name of an old and influential German noble family, taken from the castle and village of that name. Zähringen today is part of the city of Freiburg, which the dukes founded in 1120.

The earliest known member of the family was Berthold I, Count in the Breisgau (died 982), who was first mentioned in 962. Earlier ancestors, such as the Ahalolfings are suspected. Bertholds's great-grandson Berchtold I (d. 1078) was count of Zähringen and was related to the early Hohenstaufen family.

Berchtold was promised the duchy of Swabia, but this was not fulfilled. However, in 1061 he was made duke of Carinthia. Although this dignity was a titular one, Bertold lost it when he joined a rising against the emperor Henry IV in 1073. His son Berchtold II, who like his father fought against Henry IV, inherited the land of the counts of Rheinfelden in 1090 and took the title of duke of Zähringen; he was succeeded in turn by his sons, Berchtold III (d. 1122) and Conrad (d. 1152). In 1127 Conrad inherited some land in Burgundy and about this date he was appointed by king Lothair III rector of the kingdom of Burgundy or Arles. This office was held by the Zähringens until 1218 and hence they are sometimes called dukes of Burgundy. Berchtold IV (d. 1186), who followed his father Conrad, spent much of his time in Italy in the train of the emperor Frederick I; his son and successor, Berchtold V, showed his prowess by reducing the Burgundian nobles to order. This latter duke was the founder of the town of Bern, and when he died in February 1218 the main line of the Zähringen family became extinct.

By extensive acquisitions of land the Zähringens had become very powerful in the districts now known as Switzerland and Baden, and when their territories were divided in 1218 part of them passed to the counts of Kyburg and thence to the house of Habsburg.