Hormone-sensitive lipase
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Lipase, hormone-sensitive
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| Identifiers | ||
| Symbol(s) | LIPE; HSL; LHS | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 151750 MGI: 96790 HomoloGene: 3912 | |
| RNA expression pattern | ||
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| Orthologs | ||
| Human | Mouse | |
| Entrez | 3991 | 16890 |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000079435 | ENSMUSG00000003123 |
| Uniprot | Q05469 | Q6LCY9 |
| Refseq | NM_005357 (mRNA) NP_005348 (protein) |
NM_001039507 (mRNA) NP_001034596 (protein) |
| Location | Chr 19: 47.6 - 47.62 Mb | Chr 7: 25.09 - 25.1 Mb |
| Pubmed search | [1] | [2] |
Lipase, hormone-sensitive, also known as LIPE, is a human gene.[1]
The protein encoded by this gene has a long and a short form, generated by use of alternative translational start codons. The long form is expressed in steroidogenic tissues such as testis, where it converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production. The short form is expressed in adipose tissue, among others, where it hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids.[1]
Hormone-sensitive lipase is a protein found in the cytosol and on the lipid droplet of adipocytes.
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[edit] Function
It functions to hydrolyze triacylglycerols from the lipid droplet, freeing fatty acids and glycerols.
It is active when the body needs to mobilise energy stores, and so responds positively to glucagon and negatively to insulin.
[edit] Activation
It may be activated by two mechanisms.
- In the first, it is phosphorylated by perilipin A, causing it to move to the surface of the lipid droplet, where it may begin hydrolyzing the lipid droplet.
- Alternately, it may be activated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This pathway is significantly less effective than the first, which is necessary to lipid mobilization in response to cyclic AMP, which itself is provided by beta adrenergic stimulation or the glucagon receptor.
[edit] References
- Cox, Michael; Nelson, David R. (2004). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth Edition. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4339-6.
[edit] Further reading
- Kraemer FB, Shen WJ (2003). "Hormone-sensitive lipase: control of intracellular tri-(di-)acylglycerol and cholesteryl ester hydrolysis.". J. Lipid Res. 43 (10): 1585–94. PMID 12364542.
- Langfort J, Donsmark M, Ploug T, et al. (2003). "Hormone-sensitive lipase in skeletal muscle: regulatory mechanisms.". Acta Physiol. Scand. 178 (4): 397–403. PMID 12864745.
- Holm C (2004). "Molecular mechanisms regulating hormone-sensitive lipase and lipolysis.". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 31 (Pt 6): 1120–4. doi:. PMID 14641008.
- Holm C, Kirchgessner TG, Svenson KL, et al. (1988). "Hormone-sensitive lipase: sequence, expression, and chromosomal localization to 19 cent-q13.3.". Science 241 (4872): 1503–6. PMID 3420405.
- Levitt RC, Liu Z, Nouri N, et al. (1995). "Mapping of the gene for hormone sensitive lipase (LIPE) to chromosome 19q13.1-->q13.2.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 69 (3-4): 211–4. PMID 7698015.
- Langin D, Laurell H, Holst LS, et al. (1993). "Gene organization and primary structure of human hormone-sensitive lipase: possible significance of a sequence homology with a lipase of Moraxella TA144, an antarctic bacterium.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (11): 4897–901. PMID 8506334.
- Holst LS, Langin D, Mulder H, et al. (1996). "Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and expression of a testicular isoform of hormone-sensitive lipase.". Genomics 35 (3): 441–7. PMID 8812477.
- Anthonsen MW, Rönnstrand L, Wernstedt C, et al. (1998). "Identification of novel phosphorylation sites in hormone-sensitive lipase that are phosphorylated in response to isoproterenol and govern activation properties in vitro.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1): 215–21. PMID 9417067.
- Shen WJ, Sridhar K, Bernlohr DA, Kraemer FB (1999). "Interaction of rat hormone-sensitive lipase with adipocyte lipid-binding protein.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (10): 5528–32. PMID 10318917.
- Syu LJ, Saltiel AR (1999). "Lipotransin: a novel docking protein for hormone-sensitive lipase.". Mol. Cell 4 (1): 109–15. PMID 10445032.
- Shen WJ, Patel S, Hong R, Kraemer FB (2000). "Hormone-sensitive lipase functions as an oligomer.". Biochemistry 39 (9): 2392–8. PMID 10694408.
- Johnson WJ, Jang SY, Bernard DW (2001). "Hormone sensitive lipase mRNA in both monocyte and macrophage forms of the human THP-1 cell line.". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. 126 (4): 543–52. PMID 11026666.
- Laurin NN, Wang SP, Mitchell GA (2001). "The hormone-sensitive lipase gene is transcribed from at least five alternative first exons in mouse adipose tissue.". Mamm. Genome 11 (11): 972–8. PMID 11063252.
- Greenberg AS, Shen WJ, Muliro K, et al. (2002). "Stimulation of lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (48): 45456–61. doi:. PMID 11581251.
- Talmud PJ, Palmen J, Luan J, et al. (2002). "Variation in the promoter of the human hormone sensitive lipase gene shows gender specific effects on insulin and lipid levels: results from the Ely study.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1537 (3): 239–44. PMID 11731226.
- Kolehmainen M, Vidal H, Ohisalo JJ, et al. (2002). "Hormone sensitive lipase expression and adipose tissue metabolism show gender difference in obese subjects after weight loss.". Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 26 (1): 6–16. doi:. PMID 11791141.
- Smih F, Rouet P, Lucas S, et al. (2002). "Transcriptional regulation of adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase by glucose.". Diabetes 51 (2): 293–300. PMID 11812735.
- Mairal A, Melaine N, Laurell H, et al. (2002). "Characterization of a novel testicular form of human hormone-sensitive lipase.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 291 (2): 286–90. doi:. PMID 11846402.
- Ylitalo K, Nuotio I, Viikari J, et al. (2002). "C3, hormone-sensitive lipase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia patients.". Metab. Clin. Exp. 51 (5): 664–70. PMID 11979403.
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