Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole

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Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole, PC (8 December 1678 – 5 February 1757), English diplomatist, was a son of Robert Walpole of Houghton, Norfolk, and a younger brother of the great Sir Robert Walpole.

The Walpoles owned land in Norfolk in the 12th century and took their name from Walpole, a village in the county. An early member of the family was Ralph de Walpole, bishop of Norwich from 1288 to 1299, and bishop of Ely from 1299 until his death on 20 March 1302. Among its later members were three brothers, Edward (1560–1637), Richard (1564–1607) and Michael (1570–1624), all members of the Society of Jesus. Another Jesuit in the family was Henry Walpole (1558–1595), who wrote An Epitaph of the life and death of the most famous clerk and virtuous priest Edmund Campion. After an adventurous and courageous career in the service of the order, he was arrested on landing in England, was tortured and then put to death on 17 April 1595.

Born at Houghton and educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, Horatio Walpole became a fellow of King's and entered Parliament in 1702, remaining a member for fifty-four years. In 1715, when his brother, Sir Robert, became first lord of the treasury, he was made secretary to the treasury, and in 1716, having already had some experience of the kind, he went on a diplomatic mission to The Hague. He left office with his brother in 1717, but he was soon in harness again, becoming secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1720 and Secretary to the Treasury a second time in 1721.

In 1722 he was again at The Hague, and in 1723 he went to Paris, where in the following year he was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. He got on intimate terms with Fleury and seconded his brother in his efforts to maintain friendly relations with France; he represented Great Britain at the congress of Soissons and helped to conclude the treaty of Seville (November 1729). He left Paris in 1730 and in 1734 went to represent his country at The Hague, where he remained until 1740, using all his influence in the cause of European peace. He was nonetheless able to stay involved in the affairs of the capital. He served, for example, in 1739, as a founding governor for London's most fashionable charity of the time, the Foundling Hospital.

After the fall of Sir Robert Walpole in 1742 Horatio defended his conduct in the House of Commons and also in a pamphlet, "The Interest of Great Britain steadily pursued". Later he wrote an "Apology", dealing with his own conduct from 1715 to 1739, and an "Answer" to the latter part of Lord Bolingbroke's letters on the study of history (printed 1763).

In 1756 he was created Baron Walpole, of Wolterton, this being his Norfolk seat, and he died 5 February 1757.

By his wife, Mary Magdalen Lombard, whom he married on 21 July 1720, he had nine children:

• Horatio Walpole, 2nd Baron Walpole (1723–1809), created Earl of Orford in 1806
• Mary Walpole (b. 25 February 1726), married Maurice Suckling
• Thomas Walpole (1727–1803)
• Richard Walpole (1728–1798)
• Susan Walpole (3 May 1730 – 29 April 1732)
• Henrietta Louisa Walpole (28 November 1731 – June 1824)
• Anne Walpole (12 July 1733 – 25 November 1797)
• Caroline Walpole (22 November 1734 – 11 January 1737)
• Robert Walpole (1736–1810)

See W. Coxe, Memoirs of Horatio, Lord Walpole (2nd ed., 1808); the same writer, Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole (1816); and Charles, comte de Baillon, Lord Walpole d, la cour de France (1867).

[edit] References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Sir Luke Schaub	British Ambassador to France 1724–1730	Succeeded by The Earl Waldegrave
Political offices
Preceded by John Taylor	Secretary to the Treasury (junior) 1715–1717	Succeeded by Charles Stanhope
Preceded by Edward Webster	Chief Secretary for Ireland 1720–1721	Succeeded by Edward Hopkins
Preceded by Charles Stanhope	Secretary to the Treasury (junior) 1721–1730	Succeeded by Edward Walpole
Vacant Title last held by The Earl of Lincoln	Cofferer of the Household 1730–1741	Succeeded by Thomas Winnington
Preceded by The Lord Onslow	Teller of the Exchequer 1741–1757	Succeeded by The Earl Waldegrave
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation	Baron Walpole 1756–1757	Succeeded by Horatio Walpole