HOPE Scholarship
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The HOPE Scholarship, created in 1993 by the state of Georgia legislature, is a university scholarship program that has been adopted by several other states. HOPE (a reverse acronym for "helping outstanding pupils educationally") is funded entirely by the revenue from the state lottery and is administered by the Georgia Student Finance Commission.
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[edit] Program details
The program is entirely merit-based, meaning that a student's ability to pay for his/her own education is not a factor in determining if he/she receives it.
The basic requirements are:
- The student is a resident of the state of Georgia
- The student graduated high school with a 3.0 GPA ('B average')
- The student maintains a 3.0 GPA throughout college
The scholarship pays full tuition, a $150 per semester book allowance, and most mandatory fees for the recipient to attend any public university in Georgia up until the semester in which the student takes his or her 127th academic hour. In some instances, an equivalent amount is applied towards tuition for private universities in Georgia.
In 2005, a decrease in lottery revenue led to questions about whether sufficient funding would be available to continue offering the scholarship in its present form. Several suggestions were made to decrease the program's costs, including tying the scholarship to standardized test scores or checking students' college GPAs more frequently to avoid paying tuition for students who had dipped below 3.0. Political rivals of Governor Sonny Perdue criticized his management of the program, and HOPE's future became an important state political issue. However, much of that year's debate was rendered moot when lottery sales increased the next year.
[edit] Goals
The HOPE program has two stated goals:[citation needed]
- To offer academically superior students who would not otherwise be able to afford college the opportunity to receive higher education and
- To offer an incentive to academically-superior students who can afford to attend college to remain in the state of Georgia, countering the "brain drain" phenomenon Georgia was experiencing prior to the program, when many talented students were attending universities in other states.
[edit] Criticism
HOPE has been blamed for increased levels of grade inflation in Georgia schools, with instructors feeling pressured to give their students higher grades to maintain the necessary GPA for the scholarship.
Critics have claimed that the HOPE scholarship disproportionately benefits students from wealthy school districts because they tend to do better academically. The HOPE scholarship is funded primarily through income from lottery ticket sales, and people who buy lottery tickets tend to be from lower economic classes. For these reasons, critics claim that the scholarship represents a type of regressive tax.
HOPE's existence has also been cited as a factor in the state of Georgia consistently having low average SAT scores relative to the rest of the nation, based on the idea that students who would not normally attempt to go to college now decide to do so based on the affordibility factor provided by HOPE rather than on their academic performance. The argument holds that these students, who must take the SAT to enroll in college, bring down the state's average with their scores. This theory has not been tested.
Statistics from a survey question asking students their High School GPA from the College Board SAT test are available on page six of this document.
