Hononegah

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Hononegah (c.1814-1847) was wife of Stephen Mack, Jr. an employee for The American Fur Company, a pioneer to the Rock River Valley in northern Illinois and founder of the community of Rockton, Illinois. Hononegah had a strong influence on the Roscoe-Rockton area, for the high school of the four towns and the main thoroughfare connecting the towns are both named after her.

Contents

[edit] Biography

[edit] Birth and background

Formerly, nearly all that was known about Hononegah was given in Edson I. Carr's history of Rockton published in 1898, which preserved some anecdotes and romances about her. Modern scholarship has been able to discover more about her background, and it has also cast doubt on several romances attributed to her and her husband.

Edson Carr portrayed Hononegah as a Pottawatomie princess and a daughter of a chief. Recent investigations have proven that she was at least three-quarters Winnebago and an orphan. Circumstantial evidence places her birth in the Taychoperah, or Four Lakes Country, which would later become the site of Madison, Wisconsin. Her father is known only by his English name, "Blacksmith," who was at least half Winnebago and perhaps half Pottawatomie. Her mother was Inoquer who was a full-blooded Winnebago. Her father died when she was about seven years old, and that her mother had died many years prior to 1837. Hononegah (< ? Hinų Nįga - Hinų, "First Born Girl", a birth order name; and Nį-ga, "Water") and her younger sister Wehunsegah (< Wihą Siga - Wihą, "Second Born Girl", a birth order name; and Si-ga, "Rice") were considered orphans by her culture and were raised by their uncles Conosaipkah (< Kunu Sepka - Kunu, "First Born Boy", a birth order name; and Sep-ka, "Black"), Estche-eshesheek and Horohonkak. She was taken by her family into Illinois to a Winnebago village, now the site of the village of Grand Detour in Ogle County.

Editing note: a spring 2007 call to the Hononegah High School had a relative of the princess living in Missouri confidently telling the district office that the maiden was of the Ho Chunk tribe of WI. This information has not been confirmed.

[edit] Grand Detour, 1820-1829

Stephen Mack (1798-1850) came to Grand Detour from Detroit in 1820 and worked as a clerk in a trading post located there. How and when Hononegah met Mack has not survived, only a vague tradition that Mack had become sick from fever and that Hononegah nursed him back to health. Mack became somewhat of an advisor to the local chief, but it is believed that he was despised by the inhabitants, because he refused to sell alcohol and firearms to the people, and he hadn't taken one of their own as a wife. Several versions of the story survive, but all version agree that the inhabitants attempted to murder him. One story indicates that on one occasion Hononegah hid Mack in a barrel, and in another story, Hononegah met Mack in the woods to warn him of a plot to murder him. Mack became so grateful to her that he decided to be her husband. This may have taken place in or shortly before February of 1829, when Mack bought a French trader's cabin. Mack would have been about 31 years of age, while Hononegah was just fifteen. They may have had a child who died at birth during the course of 1829. Their first surviving child Rosa was born 14 November 1830.

[edit] Bird's Grove, 1829-1835

Their problems did not end after their marriage, and that during the later part of 1829, they were forced to flee Grand Detour. They found their way to a Winnebago village at the present site of Hononegah Forest Preserve between the present day villages of Rockton and Roscoe. The inhabitants pledged to protect them, and there Mack established a new trading post near where Dry Creek meets the Rock River.

On May 9, 1832 Mack and Hononegah were run out of their trading post by Black Hawk's warriors who sent there to confiscate Mack's supply of gunpowder. At this juncture, there is another romance about how Mack hid out on Webber's Island and that Hononegah brought Mack food and fresh water until Black Hawk's warriors had left, but this story is doubtful. Mack served during the Black Hawk War from Chicago as a guide. After the hostilities ended, Mack and Hononegah returned to their trading post.

[edit] Pecatonic, 1835-1847

On July 25, 1835 William Talcott and his son Thomas visited Mack at his trading post. It was then that Mack announced his intentions to found a community on the south bluff overlooking the confluence of the Rock and Pecatonica Rivers which he wanted to call Pecatonic. The following autumn when the Talcott's returned to the area with their families, Mack had relocated at the site of his proposed community. By June 1838 Jean Baptiste Beaubien, a veteran trader in Chicago, and John P. Bradstreet had become partners with Mack and began selling lots in Pecatonic. Mack made out very well in the 1837 treaty between the government and the Winnebago's, and in 1839 he used some of the money he received to build a two-story frame house with a cellar, this house still survives in what is now the Macktown Forest Preserve. The Talcott's lived north of the river where they dug a millrace and built a gristmill. They preferred to call the settlement Rockton, which eventually became the name of the village.

What little that is known about Hononegah the person comes from reminiscences of early settlers of Pecatonic and later collected and published by Edson Carr. She was highly knowledgeable in herbal medicine and was often called upon by everyone when they became sick. She liked designing her own clothes and decorating them with beadwork. Occasionally she outdid the white women with her fashion creations, and there was one dress particularly memorable that a description of it has survived. The settlers saw her wearing a white woman's garb on only one occasion, and she was so uncomfortable that she was never seen wearing white women's clothes again. There are also traditions amongst some Rockton families that when their ancestors were small boys, they paddled the canoe while Hononegah speared fish.

[edit] Death of Hononegah

Hononegah died 8 September 1847 In a letter to his sister Lovicy Cooper dated 6 October 1847, Stephen Mack describes her final illness and expresses a deep and heart felt tribute to her: "I have the melancholy duty to inform you that the death published in the paper I sent you was that of my wife. Her health had been failing for several months but was not so as to prevent her from taking the ordinary care of her family until she was attacked by what the doctor called a bilious fever but what I called a lung fever - of this she was sick eight or nine days and died. She was sensible to the last moment and took leave of her children and friends a few hours before she died.

"You say that by the notice in the paper you perceive she died a Christian. "If I know what a Christian is, she was one, not by profession but by her every act, her every deed proclaimed her a follower of Christ. In her the hungry and the naked have lost a benefactor, the sick a nurse and I have lost a friend who taught me to reverence God by doing good to his creatures.

"Her funeral proved that I am not the only sufferer by her loss. My house is large, but it was filled to overflowing by mourning friends who assembled to pay the last sad duties to her who had set them the example how to live and how to die." Years later William C. Blinn related that after Hononegah's funeral, "a little knot of neighbors were speaking of the loss. George Stevens, the postmaster, one of the parties, said most impressively, 'The best woman in Winnebago County died last night', the neighbors all nodding in agreement."

Today, the spirits of Hononegah and Stephen Mack live on in Rockton and the surrounding communities. There is Hononegah High School, Stephen Mack Junior High & Middle Schools, Hononegah and Stephen Mack forest preserves, and various other parks, buildings, and companies that use the names Macktown or Hononegah. The High School's head cheerleader is designated "Princess Hononegah" and performes a traditional dance at most major school events, much to the pride of the community.

[edit] Sources

  • Bishop, David, History of the Forest Preserves of Winnebago County, Illinois.
  • Carr, Edson I, The History of Rockton, 1820-1898, (1898, reprinted 1980).
  • Clikeman-Miller, Diane J. The Old Settlers Remembered, A History of Phillips Cemetery, Macktown, Friends and Neighbors of Stephen Mack and Hononegah, (2000).
  • McAffee, Jim (ed.) Stephen Mack Letters, available at the Talcott Free Library.
  • McMakin, Dean, Hononegah, A New Biography, (2003), available at the Talcott Free Library.
  • Rowland, Katherine E. The Pioneers of Winnebago and Boone Counties, Illinois Who Came Before 1841, (1990).
  • Schmaeng, Janice E. Stephen Mack and the Early Settlement of Macktown and Rockton, (1974), available at the Talcott Free Library.
  • Waggoner, Linda M. "Neither White Man Nor Indian", Affidavits from the Winnebago Mixed Blood Claim Commissions Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, (2003).