Hogwarts

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Harry Potter School

Hogwarts as depicted
in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Motto Draco Dormiens Nunquam Titillandus
(Latin: "Never Tickle a Sleeping Dragon")
Head Albus Dumbledore [HP1]–[HP6]
Dolores Umbridge [HP5]
Severus Snape [HP7]
Minerva McGonagall [HP2]
Enrolment Children with magical abilities are enrolled at birth and sent acceptance letters at age eleven.[1]
First appearance Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J. K. Rowling's best-selling Harry Potter series. It is a school of magic for witches and wizards between the ages of eleven and eighteen living in the United Kingdom. Six of the seven books in the Harry Potter series are largely set at the school, with each book lasting the equivalent of one school year. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, most of the book is set outside Hogwarts as main characters Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger do not attend their final year of school (though Rowling has stated that Hermione eventually does return to school to graduate).[2] The climactic battle of the book, and the series, however, is set at Hogwarts.

Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the Harry Potter series.[3][4]

Contents

[edit] School location and information

In the novels, Hogwarts is located somewhere in Scotland.[5][6] In the third film of the series (Prisoner of Azkaban), an un-named Hogwarts student mentions that Sirius Black is near a (real) place called Dufftown, and that the school is near there. This is not in the book. The school has numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for any muggle (i.e. non-magical person) to locate it — they can't see the school, only ruins and several warnings of danger. While Hogwarts is a total institution, its status is not discussed in great detail in the novels, but it is known to be a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages 11 to 18. Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about 1000 students at Hogwarts;[7] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry's year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry's year.[8]

The Headmaster or Headmistress, assisted by a Deputy Headmaster or Headmistress, undertakes management of the school. The Head is answerable to the twelve-member Board of Governors.

It is unclear how Hogwarts is funded; it is insinuated that the families pay for the students at least partially (when said families are able). In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Tom Riddle says that he cannot afford to go to Hogwarts, to which Dumbledore replies, "There is a fund at Hogwarts for those who require assistance to buy books and robes," as students are required to purchase their own textbooks, uniform, and other supplies. The Ministry of Magic's efforts to take control of the school in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix imply that it is a publicly funded school, though no mention of where the Ministry receives its funds is made.

Rowling has said that Hogwarts is "a multifaith school".[9]

[edit] Enrolment

A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of wizard children and writes their names into a large parchment book.[10] Every year, a teacher (in recent years, Professor McGonagall) checks this book and sends a letter to the children who will have turned eleven years old by 31 August. Acceptance or declination of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London found behind a pub by the name of The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as was the case with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explain to the parents/guardians about magical society, and reassure them regarding this news.[HP7] They also assist the family in regards to buying supplies and gaining access to Diagon Alley.

Each student is allowed to bring a cat, rat, toad, or owl. Harry brings an owl named Hedwig, received as a birthday present from Hagrid, Neville Longbottom brings along his toad Trevor, and Ron has a pet rat called Scabbers, which is his brother Percy's old rat. Later in the series we find out that the rat is actually Peter Pettigrew, an animagus, working for Voldemort. In the third book Hermione buys a cat called Crookshanks and in the sixth book Ginny buys a Pygmy Puff from her brothers Fred and George's new jokeshop. First year students require equipment for their different subjects. Equipment listed in the acceptance letter includes a wand, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, as well as a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. This most students get from Madam Malkins, in Diagon Alley. Each uniform must contain the wearer's nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry in his first year after it is discovered that he has an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

[edit] Arrival

Students can travel to Hogwarts and the neighbouring all-magical village of Hogsmeade in many ways. One such method is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year in the books. Harry and Ron arrived by flying the Weasley's family car in their second year after missing the train.[HP2] Other methods of travel include broomsticks, Thestrals, and a one-time connection to the Floo Network. Students travelling by Hogwarts Express must first travel to King's Cross station in London to board the Hogwarts Express from Platform 9¾. The platform is reached by walking through the barrier between Platforms 9 and 10, however students advise others to attack at pace. After a journey beginning at 11:00 am and ending after nightfall, the train arrives at Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts.

From there, first year students are accompanied by the Keeper of the Keys and Grounds – or another suitable teacher if they are absent – to small boats, which magically sail themselves across the lake to arrive at a small landing stage near the castle of Hogwarts; from there, they await their turn to get sorted into their houses. The older students ride up to the castle in seemingly horseless carriages, which pull themselves up to the main entrance to Hogwarts Castle. In the fifth year class of Care of Magical Creatures, students learn of the creatures that are actually tethered to the carriages. These creatures are called Thestrals, winged horse-like creatures that are invisible to all Muggles and to witches and wizards who have not personally witnessed someone's death. Hogwarts is host to one of the only herd of tamed Thestrals in Britain. In an apparent discrepancy, Harry, who had already witnessed the death of his mother, could not see them until book five, due to Diggory's death in book four. J.K. Rowling's explanation for this is that he needed to fully feel the meaning of death before he could see the Thestrals.[11]

When the first year students initially arrive at the castle, they do not go directly to the Great Hall for the start-of-term feast. Instead, they must first undergo the Sorting Ceremony, which determines the student's house, and then bring up the rear. Students at Hogwarts are divided into four Houses, each bearing the name of one of the school's original founders. As Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone,

“ The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room. ”

Following a short speech from the Deputy Headmaster or Headmistress, first year students line up and wait for names to be called in alphabetical order, by surname. One by one, each student is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body, and a magical hat, The Sorting Hat, is placed on the student's head. The Hat examines the student's mind and assigns the student to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality and aspirations. After deciding, the Hat shouts out the name of the House that the student has been sorted into and the student joins his or her housemates at their house table. While for many students the decision is almost instant and seems to require no input from the individual, difficult decisions appear to be made in consultation with the student. This was the case with Harry's sorting in book one, for which Dumbledore later confirms "...It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities." If Harry were placed solely by his abilities, he would have been suitable for Slytherin; however, Harry's plea "not Slytherin" was recognised by the sorting hat and resulted in a Gryffindor placement underscoring his difference from Lord Voldemort.

After the Sorting ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling particularly cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song, "Hoggy Warty Hogwarts."[12] (the students pick the tune, thus, they all finish at different times. Fred and George Weasley are the last, owing to the fact that they were singing it as one would a funeral march.) It is implied that the rest of the teachers find this particular tradition a little unnecessary.

[edit] Houses

Main article: Hogwarts houses

Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. The houses compete throughout the school year, by earning and losing points for various events, for the House Cup. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses, the greatest of which is that between Gryffindor and Slytherin. Houses at Hogwarts are the living and learning communities for its students. Each year, year level groups of every separate house share the same dormitory and classes. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses.

[edit] Terms and holidays

Hogwarts' school year is structured in a similar way to other 'non-magical' schools and colleges in the UK, with a three-term year punctuated by holidays at Christmas and Easter and bounded by the long summer holiday of nine weeks. Term begins every year on September 1, and finishes at the end of June the following year. Students have the option of staying at Hogwarts for the winter and spring holidays. Those who choose to stay at the castle do not have lessons and attend a feast on Christmas Day. Students also do not have classes the week of Easter, but this is much less enjoyable due to the large amount of work that the teachers assign students at this time in preparation for final exams.

Other than the aforementioned breaks, and weekends, students do not receive any other holidays. There are normally four feasts per year, the start-of-term feast at the beginning of the school year and end-of-term feast at the end of the school year, as well as feasts at Halloween and Christmas. Feasts are also called to mark any special occasions, as in Harry's fourth year, when there was a feast to celebrate the beginning of the Triwizard Tournament.

[edit] Subjects and teachers

Further information: Hogwarts staff

Throughout the series, numerous lessons are described, instructing the students in various branches of magic. There are twelve named teachers (each referred to as Professor or Madame), each specialising in a single subject. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. Optional subjects include Arithmancy, Ancient Runes, Divination, Care of Magical Creatures, and Muggle Studies.

[edit] Transfiguration

Transfiguration is essentially the art of changing the properties of an object.[13] Transfiguration is a theory-based subject, including topics such as "Switching Spells" (altering only a part of some object, such as giving a human rabbit's ears); Vanishing Spells (causing an object to completely disappear);[OP Ch.13] and Conjuring Spells (creating objects out of thin air).[OP Ch.13] It is possible to change inanimate objects into animate ones and vice versa — Professor McGonagall transfigures her desk into a pig in The Philosopher's Stone.[PS Ch.8] Throughout Harry's time at Hogwarts, Transfiguration is taught by Minerva McGonagall. Dumbledore is known to have taught the subject before he became headmaster, including during Tom Riddle's time at Hogwarts.

[edit] Defence Against the Dark Arts

Commonly shortened to D.A.D.A., this class teaches defensive techniques to block spells, charms, curses, hexes and jinxes cast by other wizards, counteract the Dark Arts, and to protect from Dark creatures.

The subject has an extraordinarily high turnover of staff members — throughout the series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has remained at Hogwarts for more than one school year. It is suggested by Rubeus Hagrid in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets that "They're startin' ter[sic] think the job's jinxed. No one's lasted long for a while now." In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Dumbledore suggests that Voldemort cursed the position.[HBP Ch.20] The existence of the jinx was eventually confirmed by Rowling.[14] The position had been also coveted by Snape, but he was denied the position as well. Rowling explained that Dumbledore believed that teaching D.A.D.A would bring out Snape's worst side.[15] Snape was finally appointed D.A.D.A. professor in Half-Blood Prince. Rowling announced in an interview that once Voldemort had died, the jinx he placed on the office was lifted and a permanent professor had been teaching the subject between the end of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and the epilogue, set 19 years afterwards. Furthermore, she imagines that Harry Potter occasionally comes to the class to give lectures on the subject.[16]

List of Defence Against the Dark Arts professors:

[edit] Charms

If Transfiguration involves changing the properties of an object, Rowling has described Charms as a type of magic spell concerned with giving an object new and unexpected properties.[13] Charms classes are described as notoriously noisy and chaotic, as the lessons are largely practical.[OP Ch.18] Many of the exposition sequences in the books are set in Charms classes, which are on the second floor of Hogwarts. Charms is taught throughout Harry's time at Hogwarts by Filius Flitwick.

[edit] Potions

Potions is described as the art of creating mixtures with magical effects. It requires the correct mixing and stirring of ingredients at the right times and temperatures. As to the question of whether a Muggle could brew a potion, given the correct magical ingredients, J.K. Rowling has said, "Potions seems, on the face of it, to be the most Muggle-friendly subject. But there does come a point in which you need do more than stir."[17] Severus Snape serves as Potions master from Philosopher's Stone to the end of Order of the Phoenix. Snape's lessons are depicted as unhappy, oppressing times set in a gloomy dungeon in the basement of the castle. In Half-Blood Prince, Horace Slughorn replaces Snape as Potions instructor.

[edit] Astronomy

Astronomy is the only field of study at Hogwarts which has a direct equivalent in the Muggle world. Astronomy classes take place in the Astronomy Tower, the tallest tower in Hogwarts. Lessons involve observations of the night skies with telescopes. No Astronomy lesson, or even a fragment of one, is ever depicted in the movies. Known student homework activities include learning the names of stars, constellations and planets, as well as their location and movements, and describing the environments of planets and moons. Throughout the Harry Potter series, Astronomy is taught by Professor Aurora Sinistra.

[edit] History of Magic

The study of magical history. Lessons are depicted as some of the most boring at Hogwarts. The History of Magic teacher, Cuthbert Binns, is the only ghost teacher, extremely set in his ways. Binns' lessons consist of him reciting ("droning"[PS Ch.8]) and dictating notes to his students. He does not appear to mind (or notice) that the class rarely pays attention.

[edit] Herbology

The study of magical plants and how to take care of, utilize and/or combat them. There are at least three greenhouses described in the books, holding a variety of magical plants of varying degrees of lethality. Throughout the series, Herbology is taught by Pomona Sprout. Herbology is also the only subject in which Neville Longbottom excels; it is explained in the epilogue to Deathly Hallows that he later becomes the Herbology teacher.

[edit] Arithmancy

Arithmancy is a branch of magic concerned with the magical properties of numbers (compare numerology). As this class is taken neither by Harry, nor by Ron, almost nothing is known about it. It is, however, a favourite subject of Hermione. Arithmancy is reportedly very difficult, as it requires memorizing or working with large number charts. Throughout the series, Arithmancy is taught by Septima Vector.

[edit] Ancient Runes

A mostly theoretical subject that studies the ancient runic scripts. It is studied by Hermione but not by Harry, so little else is known about this subject. The name of the Ancient Runes professor is never given in the books or films, although Rowling has named her as Victoria Mortis.[18]

[edit] Divination

Divination is the art of predicting the future. Various methods are described, including tea leaves, Fire omens, crystal balls, palmistry, cartomancy (including the reading of playing cards and the Tarot), astrology, and dream interpretations. Divination is described as "one of the most imprecise branches of magic".[PA Ch.6] Supporters of the subject claim that it is an inexact science that requires innate gifts. Those opposed claim that the subject is irrelevant and fraudulent. Sybill Trelawney is introduced as Divination teacher in Prisoner of Azkaban and remains in the post for Goblet of Fire and the beginning of Order of the Phoenix. When she is fired by Dolores Umbridge she is replaced by Firenze, a centaur who is banished from the Forbidden Forest after he agrees to help Dumbledore. As Dumbledore explains that he could not remove either teacher at the end of Order of the Phoenix, both continue teaching in Half-Blood Prince.

[edit] Care of Magical Creatures

Learning about and how to care for magical beasts. Classes are held outside the castle. At the start of Prisoner of Azkaban, it is announced that an aging Professor Kettleburn has retired to "enjoy more time with his remaining limbs",[PA Ch.5] and Rubeus Hagrid is appointed to replace him. During Hagrid's two absences later in the series, in Goblet of Fire and the beginning of Order of the Phoenix, lessons are covered by Wilhelmina Grubbly-Plank. Although very experienced and knowledgeable of magical creatures, Hagrid's lessons are usually depicted as chaotic if not outright dangerous,[PA Ch.6][GF Ch.13] as Hagrid is consistently unable to judge the safety of the animals around which his lessons are based.

[edit] Muggle Studies

This course involves the study of Muggles "from a wizarding point of view." There is apparently a need for witches and wizards to learn about Muggle ways and means, if only to ensure they are able to avoid them or blend in. As the class is only mentioned as being taken by Hermione Granger, and for just one year, little is known about its curriculum. Through the first six books, the class is taught by Professor Charity Burbage. Rowling has said that Burbage replaced Professor Quirinus Quirrell, who taught the subject before moving to teach Defence Against the Dark Arts in Harry's first year. In the opening chapter of the final book, Professor Burbage is murdered by Voldemort because she portrays Muggles in a positive light and is opposed to limiting wizardry to only people of pure-blood origins. For the remainder of the academic year covered by Deathly Hallows, the Death Eater Alecto Carrow teaches Muggle Studies. However, her "lessons" (which are made compulsory) mainly describe Muggles and Muggle-borns as subhuman and worthy of persecution.

[edit] Flying

The use of enchanted broomsticks is taught in Hogwarts' only physical-education class. Only one flying lesson is depicted in the series (in Philosopher's Stone). That class is taught by Rolanda Hooch. Hooch also acts as referee for Hogwarts Quidditch matches.

[edit] Apparation

Apparation, the art of magically disappearing from one place and reappearing in another, requires a license and may only be legally performed by people over 17 years of age. The described reason for the restriction is that Apparation is dangerous if done improperly: body parts can be left behind in an unfortunate side-effect known as "splinching". Although, as Hermione points out innumerable times throughout the series, magical enchantments on Hogwarts castle and grounds prohibit Apparation and Disapparation inside the castle, it is explained in Half-Blood Prince that these protections are temporarily relaxed within the Great Hall for short periods to permit students to practice Apparation. Wilkie Twycross, a "Ministry of Magic Apparation Instructor" offers lessons in Apparation in Half-Blood Prince.[HBP Ch.17]

[edit] Duelling

Duelling lessons first come into view in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. It is taught first by Gilderoy Lockhart, assisted by Severus Snape. Duelling lessons are normally in a practical form, and demonstrate combat using a wand and spells.

[edit] Grading and assessment

During their first four years, students need only to pass each of their subjects before advancing to the next level the following year. Regular exams and lessons usually seem to be graded on a numerical scale from 0 to 100, even though Hermione is known to have received 112% in Charms in Book 1 page 271, and 320% in Book 3 page 430 in Muggle Studies but this is probably only used for comical purposes. If students fail their year, they need to repeat it in the following school year.

To qualify as a registered practitioner of magic, students must study for the compulsory Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations taken in the fifth year. If passed, a student may proceed to the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Test (N.E.W.T.) level, a more advanced exam covering fewer subjects in more depth, taken at the end of the seventh year.

Subjects are graded on the following scale:

Passing Grades

  • O = Outstanding
  • E = Exceeds Expectations
  • A = Acceptable

Failing Grades

  • P = Poor
  • D = Dreadful
  • T = Troll

The O.W.L.s roughly corresponds to the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), and the N.E.W.T.s to the A-level examinations used in the English and Welsh secondary school system. In order to proceed to a N.E.W.T., a student usually needs to have achieved at least an E in the O.W.L. of the same subject, although some professors (e.g. Professor Snape) insist upon a grade of O. Students who fail their exams or who do not achieve high enough grades continue to take O.W.L. classes in their sixth and seventh years.[HP6]

At the end of their 5th year, students speak briefly with their head of house to decide which classes to continue in depending on their O.W.L. scores and their goals after school. The classes they decide to continue are considerably more advanced.

Because they dropped one or more classes, students in their sixth and seventh year may get several class sessions off per week. The heavy workload that each of these classes require means that students usually spend these times studying and doing homework. At the end of their seventh and final year, students take the N.E.W.T. exams, which test what the student has learned over the past two years. Many professions require high grades in these tests, meaning that students must work very hard to ensure that they pass.

[edit] Student life

The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat as well as socialize, or finish homework. The headmaster eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students' post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 a.m.

There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch classes resume at 1 p.m., and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about 45 minutes in length, and the classes end at around 5 o' clock. First year students sometimes get Friday afternoons off. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms.

The four House dormitories have secret entrances known only to members of that house and require a password (with the exception of the entrance to the Ravenclaw dormitory, where one is required to correctly answer a riddle) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contain armchairs and sofas for the pupils, as well as tables for studying. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework. There are notice boards in each common room too, as well as at other strategic points throughout the school. There are also parties in these common rooms, where students celebrate after winning a Quidditch game, or when someone from the house achieves something, (e.g. Harry Potter captures the Golden Egg in the first task of the Triwizard Tournament). The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each year gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (at least in Gryffindor House, an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls' area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and glasses on a tray.

On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko's Joke Shop (now closed), clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack, rumoured to be the most haunted building in Britain, and the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog's Head and Madam Puddifoot's (tea shop).

[edit] Food

The house-elves at Hogwarts are skilled chefs, and cook a wide variety of dishes for every meal. The food served at the school is fresh and grown locally; the school has vegetable patches by the greenhouses. The meats and other condiments are probably bought in from Hogsmeade village, and the various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall and, at meal times, magically transported up so that they appear served for the students. Many of the dishes still eaten at Hogwarts were derived from the spells of House Founder Helga Hufflepuff. Hogwarts food is typically British, although the school sometimes makes exceptions (during the Triwizard Tournament, foreign dishes, such as bouillabaisse, were served in honour of the visiting schools). The usual drinks (apart from water) are milk, tea, coffee, butter beer, orange juice, and pumpkin juice.

[edit] Discipline

Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention.

According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of torture until relatively recently, but in present times usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious or sometimes perilous tasks. Ironically, when students are caught wandering around the castle at night in book one, for their "detention" they are sent to the even more dangerous Forbidden Forest to help Rubeus Hagrid. Other infamous examples of detention include the one dealt on Harry Potter by Dolores Umbridge in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write "I must not tell lies" repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer's hand.

For even more serious offences, students may be expelled from Hogwarts. Harry Potter comes under threat of expulsion by the Ministry of Magic at the beginning of his fifth year at Hogwarts after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. The Headmaster Albus Dumbledore argued in Harry's defence, stating that besides the fact that it was done in self-defence, the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Severus Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry's father, James, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have actually been expelled is Rubeus Hagrid, for possessing an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin, and for opening the Chamber of Secrets -- a crime for which Tom Riddle had actually framed him.

Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student's Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters.

In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them extra privileges and responsibilities (e.g. using the prefect's bathroom, controlling younger students)[19] and disciplinary responsibilities; they remain Prefects, unless appointed Head Boy or Girl or stripped of their position, for the rest of their school career. There are four to six prefects per house, all from the fifth, sixth and seventh year students: if one of them has been appointed Head Boy or Head Girl, they are not replaced as Prefects. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. A student may be chosen as Head without first being a Prefect as according to Hagrid, James Potter was Head Boy although he was not a Prefect. Prefects have the authority to deduct points from students of their own house for infractions, though they cannot take points from fellow prefects. They may also give detentions. Quidditch house captains are given the some of the same privileges as prefects.[HP6]

The only known cause for being suspended from Hogwarts is mentioned in passing by Severus Snape in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. He tells Harry, Ron, and Hermione that they are in enough trouble and facing suspension for being out of bounds while they are in the Shrieking Shack.

It is implied towards the end of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, that pupils might be "thrown out" for exceptionally poor examination results at the end of their first year however this may be an exaggeration of Hermione Granger. The particularly thuggish Gregory Goyle was fortunate to avoid this fate during Harry Potter's first year. The punishment would seem to imply that the pupil has insufficient intelligence or magical ability to become a wizard or witch. What subsequently happens to those thrown out is not explained.

[edit] Location and grounds

Seen from the school Quidditch stadium.
Seen from the school Quidditch stadium.

J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:[1]

“ A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasley's house, it isn't a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic. ”

Hogwarts is supposed by the author to be located in a secluded mountainous region in Scotland, near a wizarding village named Hogsmeade.[5][6] In the third film, it is mentioned that Sirius Black has been sighted in Dufftown, in Moray. Hermione is shocked by this, as Dufftown is "not far" from Hogwarts. The castle has extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch, (called the Black Lake in the fourth movie (Goblet of Fire)), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), a number of greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an Owlery, which houses all of the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. It should be noted that some rooms in the school tend to "move around," which Rowling says can be attributed either to the magic of the school or to her own imperfect memory.[20]

The village of Hogsmeade is the only remaining exclusively magical community in Britain and is used as a commercial centre by students, and has lodging for visitors to the school. The Hogwarts Express runs from Hogsmeade Station, which is somewhat distant from the village itself. On a map drawn by Rowling for the film crew, the station appears to be southeast of the school, while the village of Hogsmeade appears to be northwest. This map also showed the location of the Forbidden Forest and the Quidditch pitch.

The school is enchanted to repel Muggles (non-magical people), to whom Hogwarts appears to be "a mouldering old ruin with a sign over the entrance saying DANGER, DO NOT ENTER, UNSAFE".[GF Ch.11] Electronic devices go haywire and do not work around Hogwarts because there is too much magic in the air (Although, according to J.K. Rowling, Colin Creevy's non-magical camera works at Hogwarts because it is powered by the magic in the air), though a radio in the Gryffindor common room was shown in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. However, it is assumed that since the radio was magical, known as a Wizard Wireless, it did not run on electricity. Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, though he or she is able to lift the restriction in certain areas only, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.[GF Ch.28]

[edit] Grounds

Hogwarts Castle is surrounded by mountains and is perched high atop a cliff overlooking a great black lake. When entering from the lake, a curtain of ivy hides a wide opening in the cliff face. A dark tunnel leads right under the castle into an underground harbour with a rocky beach and from there, a passageway in the rock leads to the front doors.[PS Ch.6] The entrance on the road from Hogsmeade to around the lake is through a pair of wrought iron gates in the walls enclosing the grounds. On either side of the gates are two tall stone pillars, each topped with a winged boar. The Hogwarts grounds are extensive with sloping lawns, including flowerbeds, vegetable patches, and a Quidditch pitch, as well as the vast Forbidden Forest.

[edit] Lake

The lake is located on the south side of the castle, which stands on a cliff overlooking the water. It is about half a mile in diameter and the Hogwarts plumbing network drains into it. A number of magical creatures inhabit the lake, including a surprisingly friendly giant squid, often seen near the surface, a colony of merpeople inhabiting the bottom, and a population of grindylows. It was also the temporary home of the Durmstrang ship during the Triwizard Tournament in which it also served as the setting for the Second Task.

[edit] Hagrid's Hut

Hagrid lives in a small wooden hut on the grounds, on the edge of the Forbidden Forest, with his boarhound, Fang, who, belying his appearance, is a coward. He has a pumpkin patch behind his hut, with a fence around it. After the Death Eater's attack on Hogwarts in Half-Blood Prince, Hagrid's Hut is severely burned as the Death Eaters escape from the grounds. It is revealed in Deathly Hallows however, that the hut was rebuilt as Hagrid hosted a "Support Harry Potter" party there, and Harry passes it as he goes on into the Forest to face Voldemort during the Battle of Hogwarts.

In the first and second film adaptation, Hagrid's hut was quite close to the south exit of Hogwarts but in the subsequent adaptations Hagrid's hut is shown to be at the bottom of a long dirt path. Although Hagrid's home is specified as a wooden house in the books, it appears as a round stone building in all five film adaptions.

[edit] Forbidden Forest

The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark forest to the east of Hogwarts Castle. It is usually referred to simply as "the Forest" and in the film series as the "Dark Forest". It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, and yew, as well as undergrowth including knotgrass and thorns. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Rubeus Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons mostly makes these. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures. The following is an (incomplete) list of beasts that inhabit the forest:[21]

[edit] Whomping Willow

The Whomping Willow is a very valuable magical tree on the Hogwarts grounds. The tree is extremely violent, striking viciously with its branches at anything that comes within reach.

Headmaster Albus Dumbledore planted the Willow to guard a secret passageway to the Shrieking Shack, a building in Hogsmeade. Remus Lupin was smuggled to the passageway each month at the full moon, where he could transform in the Shack into his werewolf form, without risking harm to others. In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry and his best friend Ron Weasley flew an enchanted Ford Anglia to Hogwarts, and accidentally crashed into the Whomping Willow, causing minor damage to the tree but more significant harm to the car. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, after a Quidditch match of Gryffindor vs Hufflepuff, Harry's Nimbus 2000 flies into the Whomping Willow and is smashed to bits. Also later in the book Sirius Black, having transformed himself into a dog, dragged Ron Weasley into the secret passageway beneath the tree. The passage was also used in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, when Harry, Ron, and Hermione learned that Voldemort was waiting at the Shrieking Shack for Harry's surrender.

[edit] Quidditch Pitch

The Quidditch pitch is where Quidditch games are held, and where teams practice. There are six golden hoops (three on each end of the pitch), about 50 feet high, at each end used for scoring, and stands surrounding it, providing seating for spectators. It houses the locker rooms for the four House teams and the offices of the four team captains. The referee is often Madam Hooch, the flying teacher and Quidditch coach, although Severus Snape refereed once in Harry's first year. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire it was the site of the Triwizard Tournament's First Task and Third Task.

There are locker rooms off the grounds of the Quidditch pitch where team members change for practices and games. When Oliver Wood is not present at one point after a Gryffindor team loss in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Fred and George Weasley joke that he is still trying to drown himself in the locker room showers. In addition, there is an office just for the Team Captain.

[edit] Inside locations

[edit] Great Hall

The Great Hall is entered by double doors to the right of the Entrance Hall. The Great Hall is a vast chamber that contains four long tables for each of the four Houses. Closest to the doors is the Slytherin table, followed by Ravenclaw, then Hufflepuff, and finally the Gryffindor table next to the far wall. On a raised platform at the front of the room is the High Table where the where the staff dines. The ceiling is enchanted so that it mirrors the sky as it currently appears outside. There are also high mullioned windows around the room that show the grounds outside. Behind the High Table, there is a smaller antechamber with a fireplace and many portraits, where the champions of the Triwizard Tournament gathered for the first time.

[edit] Library

The library contains tens of thousands of books on thousands of shelves. The different sections include an Invisibility Section, a section on dragons, and the Restricted Section at the very back, barred by a rope. Students need a signed note of permission from a teacher to peruse the Restricted Section, as it holds books about powerful Dark subject matter that is never taught at Hogwarts, and is only used by older students studying advanced Defence Against the Dark Arts. Books in the Hogwarts library may be put on hold and the student's name added to a waiting list. Chocolate and presumably, all other food and drinks are forbidden in the library, which closes at 8:00 p.m. Irma Pince is the librarian. She guards the books fiercely, and has been known to put unusual jinxes on the books, to make sure that they are not mistreated.

[edit] Secrets of Hogwarts

Hogwarts is home to many secret locations and passages.

[edit] The hiding place of the Philosopher's Stone

Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

  • A three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Rubeus Hagrid.
  • A massive Devil's Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
  • A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Professor Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
  • A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by Professor McGonagall. To proceed to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron Weasley is the only wizard to win the game of wizards chess.
  • A room with a large troll inside. This is presumably Professor Quirrell's challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the Trio did not have to fight it; in the movie, it does not appear, but it appears in the PlayStation One version of the game.
  • A series of potions, brewed by Severus Snape. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he/she arrived, another will allow him/her to proceed to the next chamber, some are merely wine, the rest are poison. This challenge does not appear in the movie, but does in the video game adaption.
  • The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher's Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

[edit] Chamber of Secrets

The Chamber of Secrets as seen in the second film
The Chamber of Secrets as seen in the second film

The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the dungeons (probably under the lake),[CS Ch.16] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. The Chamber was built by Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, before he left the school.

The Chamber is well hidden and the entrance is in Moaning Myrtle's bathroom on the second floor, which leads down into a dark, slimy stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.[CS Ch.16] When Parseltongue is spoken they open into a very long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Marvolo Riddle, summoned it.[CS Ch.17] In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year old Tom Marvolo Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin's locket. They find a basilisk fang to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff's cup (Hermione stabs it).

Moaning Myrtle's bathroom contains the entrance to the Chamber of Secrets. The entrance is a sink with a snake scratched onto the tap, opened by speaking in Parseltongue. This causes the sink to open into a pipe large enough for a person to slide down. At the bottom of this chute is a tunnel leading to the Chamber of Secrets. When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber in 1943, Myrtle was sulking in a stall. When she heard him, she opened the door, saw the Basilisk, and died immediately, becoming a ghost.[CS Ch.16] Her bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle's disagreeable presence.

[edit] Passages

There are nine known secret passages in and out of the school. Filch, the Hogwarts caretaker, knows just four of these, though where they lead is unknown. The other five are:

[edit] Room of Requirement

Dumbledore's Army members in the Room of Requirement
Dumbledore's Army members in the Room of Requirement

Located on the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

Dumbledore was first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room's specific secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a "nice elf-sized bed". Argus Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out, when Fred and George Weasley needed a place to hide, it would appear in the form of a broom cupboard. Sybill Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and possessions, which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

Harry learned of the room's abilities from Dobby, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore's Army meetings, during which it would be filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practicing defensive spells. When the D.A. was betrayed, the room provided Pansy Parkinson with the list of members of the organisation. In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry used the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happened to be one of Lord Voldemort's Horcruxes), or books which were "no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen". He later realized that Draco Malfoy had been using the room in that same state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet in order to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts.

In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the Room is used by the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement's current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore's Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog's Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, the diadem of Rowena Ravenclaw is found to be one of Voldemort's Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things (a manifestation of the Room of Requirement) by Voldemort himself. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a particularly destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

[edit] History

[edit] Early history

Hogwarts was founded over a thousand years ago (exact date unknown) by two wizards and two witches: Godric Gryffindor, Helga Hufflepuff, Rowena Ravenclaw and Salazar Slytherin. These four were among the most celebrated European wizards and witches of the time, and they personally trained all their students. All four founders selected their students according to strict criteria. Slytherin, however, desired to limit school admissions only to students born to magical parents, also known today as Purebloods; this desire brought him into conflict with the other founders, Gryffindor in particular, to whom he was once very close. Tension arose between the other Founders as well and the once-great friendship of Ravenclaw and Hufflepuff failed as disastrously as that of Gryffindor and Slytherin. Divided, the four founders and their houses each sought to control the whole school, causing chaos. Slytherin eventually fled or was driven from the school, and though diminished by their loss, the remaining three founders re-established peace.

At some point before Slytherin departed, he had constructed the Chamber of Secrets and concealed a basilisk within it. According to legend, he left this for his progeny, so that, when an eventual successor ("the Heir of Slytherin") returned to the school he or she would be able to open the Chamber and unleash the monstrous basilisk within to purge the school of all Muggle-born students. The only descendant known to have discovered the Chamber is Tom Marvolo Riddle, later known as Lord Voldemort, the most feared Dark Wizard of all time.

About three hundred years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament began between the three most prestigious magical schools in Europe: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons, and Durmstrang. This Tournament was considered the best way for wizards of different nationalities to meet and socialise. The Tournament was continued every five years until the too-high death toll caused it to be discontinued. After several attempts to reinstate the Tournament, in the year 1994 the Ministry of Magic decided to try it, after promising a big decrease in deaths. Only students age 17 and older may participate in the Triwizard Tournament.

[edit] Recent history

In 1942/43 the Chamber of Secrets was opened by Tom Riddle in his fifth year, causing a girl to be killed, later known to be Moaning Myrtle, inhabitant of the girls' bathroom on the 2nd floor. The Ministry of Magic threatened to close the school unless the perpetrator was caught. Because Riddle spent his time away from Hogwarts in a Muggle orphanage he did not want the school closed, so he framed fellow-student Rubeus Hagrid; Hagrid was expelled and Hogwarts remained open.

In Harry Potter's second year, the Chamber was again opened and a number of students were petrified. The Ministry of Magic again threatened to close the school unless the attacker was stopped. Harry discovered that the attacks were caused by Ginny Weasley, who was being manipulated by Tom Riddle/Voldemort through an old diary of Riddle's that was in her possession. Riddle's diary was slipped into the Weasley's cauldron by Lucius Malfoy while in Flourish and Blotts with the hope that she would be caught, thus ending Arthur Weasley's Muggle Protection Act, as well as purging Hogwarts of Muggle-borns. However, Harry was able to destroy the diary, save Ginny, and kill the basilisk that was living in the Chamber. It later emerged that the diary was one of Voldemort's Horcruxes, containing part of his soul.

In Harry's fourth year, Hogwarts hosted the dangerous Triwizard Tournament for the first time in several hundred years. Due to the tournament, no Quidditch was played that year. Instead, the pitch was turned into a maze that served as the final of three tasks in the tournament.

At the end of Harry's sixth year, headmaster Albus Dumbledore was killed by Severus Snape (on Dumbledore's orders, as revealed in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows). Following his death, Professor Minerva McGonagall was appointed acting Headmistress, although by the start of the next school year, a Voldemort-controlled Ministry had appointed Severus Snape the Headmaster. Furthermore, Muggle-born students were no longer allowed to attend, while attendance became mandatory for all children with wizarding heritage. During Snape's time as Headmaster, the school underwent a great deal of change, particularly due to the punishments inflicted on the students by Alecto and Amycus Carrow, who had taken up the posts of Muggle Studies and Defence Against the Dark Arts (which was then called 'the dark arts' only) professors respectively.

Near the end of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, a massive battle occurred at Hogwarts between Voldemort's forces and the combined might of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledore's Army, the teachers of Hogwarts, and several other students, as well as the Centaurs of the Forbidden Forest and the castle's house-elves (led by Kreacher). The castle sustained heavy damage, but after the defeat of Voldemort at the hands of Harry Potter, it was repaired and remained open. In the Epilogue of the final volume of the series, it was revealed that the school is still open, and that Neville Longbottom has taken on the role of Herbology Professor. Professor Minerva McGonagall was appointed Head of the School (as explained by Rowling) but no longer held the position by the time the epilogue was written; however, McGonagall's replacement is unknown.

[edit] Coat of arms, school motto, school song

Blazon

  • Shield renaissance, Quarterly, I gules a lion salient to sinister Or, II vert a serpent argent, III Or a badger reguardant proper, IV azure an eagle displayed Or, in fesse couped Or scroll with letter H sable, top riband for the name Hogwarts, base riband for the motto "draco dormiens nunquam titillandus".

The motto of Hogwarts is "Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus," which is the Latin for "Never tickle a sleeping dragon", although a more liberal translation might be "Let sleeping dragons lie". Creator J.K. Rowling said she wanted a practical motto for Hogwarts, since so many schools have vague ones. Appropriately, Harry Potter in his second year calls causing trouble in Severus Snape's lesson as safe as 'poking a sleeping dragon in the eye'.

The school song is sung only once in the series, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone at Harry's first meal in the Great Hall.

The song does not have a set tune; everyone sings the lyrics to a tune and time of their choosing. A scene where the whole school sings the song was filmed for the movie Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, though was not included in the theatrical release. It can be seen in the "deleted scenes" section of the DVD Extras. It is also sung in the background just before Harry finds Barty Crouch Sr. in the woods. It has been mentioned in the book that Fred and George Weasley sang this song in the tune of a slow, funeral march.

[edit] Technology

Computers, televisions and other electronic devices, as well as electricity, are not to be found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione Granger indicates that due to the high levels of magic, "substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use" such as computers, radar and electricity "go haywire" around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. J.K Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity and are powered by magic. In books 5 and 6 the most popular Wizarding radio station is Wizarding Network Wireless News and during Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows the most popular radio station is Potterwatch.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "Online chat transcript", Scholastic, 2000-02-03. 
  2. ^ Anelli, Melissa, John Noe, Sue Upton. PotterCast 130: The One with J.K. Rowling Podcast accessed on 2007-12-18.
  3. ^ 1999: Accio Quote!, the largest archive of J.K. Rowling interviews on the web
  4. ^ 2001: Accio Quote!, the largest archive of J.K. Rowling interviews on the web
  5. ^ a b "Hogwarts ... Logically it had to be set in a secluded place, and pretty soon I settled on Scotland in my mind." Fraser, L., An interview with J.K.Rowling, Mammoth, London, 2000. ISBN 0-7497-4394-8. pp 20–21.
  6. ^ a b "Happy ending, and that's for beginners", The Herald via AccioQuote!, 1997-06-24. Retrieved on 2007-10-05. 
  7. ^ "About the Books: transcript of J.K. Rowling's live interview on Scholastic.com", Scholastic, 2000-10-16. 
  8. ^ "The Leaky Cauldron and MuggleNet interview Joanne Kathleen Rowling: Part Two", The Leaky Cauldron, 16 July 2005. 
  9. ^ 2007: Accio Quote!, the Largest Archive of J.K. Rowling quotes on the web
  10. ^ [1] accio-quote.org.
  11. ^ Why could Harry see the Thestrals 'Order of the Phoenix'? jkrowling.com.
  12. ^ We haven't heard the school song since the first book. Did the teachers rebel against it? jkrowling.com.
  13. ^ a b 1998: Accio Quote!, the Largest Archive of J.K. Rowling quotes on the web
  14. ^ 2007: Accio Quote!, the Largest Archive of J.K. Rowling quotes on the web
  15. ^ J.K. Rowling at the Royal Albert Hall 26 June 2003 (Accio Quote!, the largest archive of J.K. Rowling interviews on the web)
  16. ^ Brown, Jen. "Stop your sobbing! More Potter to come", TODAYShow.com, NBC, July 24, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. 
  17. ^ 2006: Accio Quote!, the largest archive of J.K. Rowling interviews on the web
  18. ^ J. K. Rowling's site
  19. ^ Rowling, Joanne, Can prefects take points or not? A prefect took points from Gryffindor in the Chamber of Secrets, and then there was a reference to prefects not being allowed to dock points. What are the rules?, <http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/faq_view.cfm?id=40>. Retrieved on 6 September 2007 
  20. ^ How do you remember everything from different books when you are still writing the HP series? from JKRowling.com.
  21. ^ Rowling, J. K. (Newt Scamander; 2001). Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (in English). London: Bloomsbury/New York City: Scholastic, et al. ISBN 0613325419.
  22. ^ 2001: Accio Quote!, the largest archive of J.K. Rowling interviews on the web

[edit] External links

The Harry Potter Wiki has information related to: Hogwarts


v • d • e
The Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling

Philosopher's
Stone
Film • Game • Soundtrack

Chamber
of Secrets
Film • Game • Soundtrack

Prisoner
of Azkaban
Film • Game • Soundtrack

Goblet
of Fire
Film • Game • Soundtrack

Order of
the Phoenix
Film • Game • Soundtrack

Half-Blood
Prince
Film • Game

Deathly
Hallows
Characters
Universe
Related
Other books
Other games