HMS Natal (1905)
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| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Class and type: | Duke of Edinburgh class armoured cruiser |
| Name: | HMS Natal |
| Builder: | Vickers Maxim, Barrow |
| Launched: | September 30, 1905 |
| Fate: | Blown up December 30, 1915, Cromarty Firth[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen: | 13,550 tons |
| Length: | 505 ft (154 m) |
| Beam: | 73.5 ft (22.4 m) |
| Armament: | 6 x 9.2in gun 4 x 7.5in guns 2 x 12pdr guns 28 x 3pdr guns |
HMS Natal was a Duke of Edinburgh class armoured cruiser. She was built by Vickers Maxim of Barrow and launched on September 30, 1905. She was sunk by an internal explosion near Cromarty on 30 December 1915.
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[edit] Career
Natal was built at Barrow by Vickers Maxim. She was launched on the 30th September 1905, and finally completed on the 5th March 1907. Her name was assigned supposedly because the funds required to build her in 1905 came largely or completely from the inhabitants of Natal Province in gratitude for the protection being provided by the Royal Navy.[2] Like her sister ships she joined the 5th Cruiser Squadron in 1907, and was later transferred to the 2nd cruiser Squadron in 1909. She escorted the Royal Yacht Medina from 1911 to 1912. She also had the duty of carrying the body of the US Ambassador to Great Britain, Whitelaw Reid, back to New York. For part of her career, she was commanded by William Reginald Hall. At the outbreak of war she joined the Grand Fleet and in January 1915 was refitted at Cromarty.
[edit] Sinking
On the 30th December 1915 Natal was lying in the Cromarty Firth with her squadron, under the command of Captain Eric Back RN. Shortly after 3.20pm, and without warning, a series of violent explosions tore through the ship. She capsized five minutes later. The most probable explanation was that a fire had broken out, possibly due to faulty cordite, that ignited a magazine.[3] The exact number of casualties is still debated, and ranges from 390, up to 421. Some were killed in the immediate explosions, others drowned as the ship capsized, or succumbed to the freezing water of the Cromarty Firth. Most of the bodies which were recovered from the sea were interred in Rosskeen Churchyard, Invergordon. A small number of casualties were interred in the Gaelic Chapel graveyard in Cromarty.
There was a huge amount of speculation about the loss of the Natal. A mine laying U-boat was thought to be the cause but an underwater inspection revealed massive damage from an internal explosion. Sabotage by German agents was suspected but never proved.
With her hull still visible at low water, it was Royal Navy practice on entering and leaving Cromarty right up to the Second World War for every warship to sound “Still”, and for officers and men to come to attention as they passed the wreck.
[edit] Legacy
After numerous failed salvage attempts much of the ship’s interior was removed, and the wreck was stripped of armament and steel. The remainder was blown up in the 1970s to level the wreck to prevent it from being a hazard to navigation for the expanding oil industry. The skeleton of the Natal still lies visible in the Cromarty Firth marked by a radar buoy, and is now a government protected site. The destruction of HMS Vanguard in Scapa Flow on 9th July 1917 in similar circumstances was linked to the loss of the Natal but the cause of the sinking of the Natal has never been completely determined.
Contemporary papers about HMS Natal, including the minutes of the court martial are in the British National Archives at Kew.
A memorial to the ship was erected in Durban in 1927, and there is a memorial plaque to Captain E. Back RN in the Officers’ Mess in HMS Excellent, Whale Island, Portsmouth. There is also a memorial plaque in Portsmouth Anglican Cathedral. The wreck itself is now a protected site.[4]. A garden called Natal Gardens has been created at Invergordon which contains a commemorative plaque remembering HMS Natal.
[edit] References
- Colledge, J. J. and Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: the complete record of all fighting ships of the Royal Navy, Rev. ed., London: Chatham. ISBN 9781861762818. OCLC 67375475.
[edit] Further reading
- A. Cecil Hampshire, They Called it Accident, William Kimber, London, 1961
[edit] External links
- Cromarty Image Library - Photographs of the cruiser
- Basic court-martial file information at the National Archives
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