HMS Macedonian
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Ordered: | ? |
| Laid down: | 1809 |
| Launched: | 2 June 1810 |
| Commissioned: | July(?) 1810 |
| Fate: | captured by United States 1812 |
| General characteristics | |
| Burthen: | 1,080 tons |
| Length: | 154-6 ft |
| Beam: | 39-6 ft |
| Draught: | 18.3 ft (5.58 m) |
| Complement: | 306 officers and men |
| Armament: | 38 guns |
HMS Macedonian was a 38-gun sailing frigate of the Lively class in the Royal Navy, later captured by the United States during the War of 1812.
Macedonian was built at Woolwich Dockyards, England, in 1809, launched on 2 June 1810, and commissioned soon thereafter, Lord William FitzRoy in command. Among the original crew was the 13-year-old Samuel Leech, who later wrote a memoir of his experiences.
Macedonian first delivered a company of soldiers to Lisbon, Portugal, then remained in the area, guarding against the possibility of French naval attack. During this period, FitzRoy made personal profit by falsification of records of ships' stores, for which he was court-martialled in March 1811 and dismissed from the service (he was quietly reinstated in August, presumably due to his aristocratic rank).
FitzRoy's replacement, William Waldegrave, was an interim appointment whose command lasted for only a few weeks before he was himself replaced by John Carden. One of Carden's first actions was to hire a band, a move popular with the crew, but he did not get along with the first lieutenant David Hope.
In January 1812, Macedonian was ordered to secretly deliver some bills of exchange to Norfolk, Virginia, and to bring back an equivalent quantity of gold and silver specie, as part of a scheme to keep the Bank of England solvent. During the visit, Carden socialized with the notables of Norfolk, including then-Captain Stephen Decatur (whom he was soon to meet under much less friendly circumstances), but bungled the mission by inadvertently revealing what was planned, and had to return to Lisbon emptyhanded. Captain Carden dinned frequently with Captain Stephen Decatur and his wife Susan and jokingly bet a beaver hat on the outcome of a battle of their ships, they had come to consider one another friends.
In September, Macedonian was ordered to accompany an East Indiaman as far as Madeira, then to cruise in search of prizes as long as his supplies permitted. The frigate left Madeira on 22 October, but only a few days later, on the morning of 25 October, encountered USS United States, commanded by none other than his erstwhile dinner host Decatur. The United States had just declared the War of 1812 on Britain, and both captains were eager to achieve personal glory in a fight.
Unfortunately for Macedonian, United States was one of the new 44-gun frigates, and her broadside was 864 pounds of metal, vs Macedonian's 528 pounds. She was also ably commanded by Stephen Decatur. USS United States hove round turning downwind and making HMS Macedonian chase her and received a serious pounding from United States 24 pounder cannon. Within a few minutes of closing, United States brought all three of Macedonian's masts, and riddled the hull, but then pulled away temporarily, leaving Carden and Hope time to contemplate their lack of options. Finally, to avoid his ship being sunk and costing the lives of all his crew, Carden became the first British frigate captain in the War of 1812 to surrender a salvageable vessel to an American. The frigate Guerriere had previously surrendered to the Constitution, but had been so badly damaged in the fight that she had to be scuttled. Of course, the first British fighting ship of frigate or larger size to surrender to an American was the Serapis, which struck her colors to John Paul Jones in the Bonhomme Richard in the battle of Flamborough Head during the American revolution.
Decatur was careful to preserve Macedonian, sending over a detail to help repair it, this taking a full 2 weeks, and he brought the captured ship into Newport, Rhode Island, on 4 December 1812, immediately causing a national sensation. USS Constitution had previously beaten HMS Guerriere, but it was too badly damaged to save; while Decatur's capture of a seaworthy warship was a sizeable and welcome addition to the then-tiny US Navy.
The US took Macedonian into the United States Navy immediately, retaining the name; see USS Macedonian for the further history of this ship.
As of 2004, no other Royal Navy ship has been named Macedonian.
[edit] References
- James T. de Kay, Chronicles of the Frigate Macedonian, W.W. Norton, New York, 1995.
- Robert Gardiner, "Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars", Chatham Publishing, London 2000.
- Donald L Canney, "Sailing Warships of the US Navy", Chatham Publishing, London, 2001.
