HMS Kent (54)

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Career
Class and type:	County class heavy cruiser
Name:	HMS Kent
Builder:	Chatham Dockyard (Chatham, UK)
Laid down:	15 November 1924
Launched:	16 March 1926
Commissioned:	25 June 1928
Decommissioned:	22 January 1948
Out of service:	1946
Reclassified:	In reserve from 1946 until 1947
Fate:	Scrapped, she was allocated to BISCO on 22 January 1948, and arrived at Troon on 31 January to be broken up by West of Scotland Shipbreakers.
General characteristics
Displacement:	9,750 tons standard 13,450 tons full load
Length:	630 ft (190 m)
Beam:	68.25 ft (20.80 m)
Draught:	16.25 ft (4.95 m)
Propulsion:	4 shaft Parsons geared turbines 8 Admiralty 3-drum boilers 80,000 shp
Speed:	31.5 knots
Range:	4,989 km (3,100 miles) at 31.5 knots 21, 404 km (13,300 miles) at 12 knots (22 km/h) 3,400 tons fuel oil
Complement:	700
Armament:	Original configuration: 4 x 8 in (203 mm) dual guns, 4 x 4 in (102 mm) single AA guns, 2 x 2 pdr (37 mm/40 mm) pom-poms quad guns, 2 x 21 in (533 mm) quad Torpedo Tubes. 1932 - 1937 configuration: 4 x 8 in (203 mm) dual guns, 2 x 4 in (102 mm) single AA guns, 4 x 4 in (102 mm) dual AA guns, 2 x 2 pdr (37 mm/40 mm) pom-poms quad guns, 2 x 0.5 in MG quadruple guns. 2 x 21 in (533 mm) quad Torpedo Tubes. 1937 - 1944 configuration: 4 x 8 in (203 mm) dual guns, 2 x 4 in (102 mm) single AA guns, 4 x 4 in (102 mm) dual AA guns, 6 x 20 mm (0.8 in) single guns, 3 x 20 mm (0.8 in) dual power-operated guns, 2 x 2 pdr (37 mm/40 mm) pom-poms eight barrel guns, 2 x 21 in (533 mm) quad Torpedo Tubes.
Armour:	Original configuration: 1 to 4 in magazine box protection, 1.375 in deck, 1 in side-plating,turrets and bulkheads, 4.5 in belt, 4 internal boiler room sides (added 1936-1940).
Aircraft carried:	Original configuration: 1 aircraft with 1 catapult, removed in 1942.
Notes:	Pennant number 54

HMS Kent (54) was a County class heavy cruiser of the Royal Navy, and was the leadship of the Kent subclass. She was built by Chatham Dockyard (Chatham, UK), laid down on 15 November 1924. She was launched on 16 March 1926, and commissioned 25 June 1928.

[edit] History

In 1928, she was commissioned by the Countess of Stanhope as flagship of the 5th Cruiser Squadron on the China Station, arriving in Hong Kong six weeks after being commissioned. In 1937, she returned to Chatham and underwent a major refit, which included a 4.5 inch cemented armour belt being increased for six feet below the waterline, whilst 4-inch internal armour was added to the fan compartments to the boiler rooms. She also had her two pounder pompoms replaced by two octuple mounted pompoms. After the refit, in 1938, she returned to the Far East. In December 1939 she was transferred to the 4th Cruiser Squadron, to perform anti-raider patrols in the East Indies and then reassigned to troop convoy escort in the Indian Ocean early in 1940.

Officers of HMS Kent enjoying a free for all game of deck hockey under the shadow of the cruiser's 8 inch guns. Whenever possible the game is played for exercise each afternoon both at sea and in port.

Following the declaration of war by Italy, she was reallocated to the Mediterranean Fleet, arriving at Alexandria in August 1940 with the 3rd Cruiser Squadronn. On 17 August 1940 Kent and twelve destroyers carried out a bombardment of Italian positions around the fortress of Bardia.

On 15 September 1940 HMS Kent, HMS Valiant, the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious and seven destroyers left Alexandria. The next day, while south off Crete they were joined by the anti-aircraft cruisers HMS Calcutta and HMS Coventry. The force then sailed toward Benghazi. During the night of 16 September and 17 September 1940, aircraft from the Illustrious, mined the harbour of Benghazi. They also attacked shipping in the harbour with torpedoes. The Italians lost two destroyers and two merchant ships.

While returning to base from this attack Kent and two destroyers were detached to bombard Bardia. During the night of 17 September and 18 September 1940 Kent was hit in the stern by a torpedo from Italian torpedo bombers led by Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia. She was towed back to base by the destroyers, with great difficulty. She underwent temporary repairs at Alexandria on 19 September to allow her to return to the United Kingdom.

Extensive repairs at Devonport Dockyard followed. These were made worse by a bomb hitting her while in dock. Repairs were completed in time for her to recommission in September 1941 when she joined the 1st Cruiser Squadron, part of the Home Fleet to escort convoys to North Russia. From then until 1944 she patrolled the Northern approaches to the Atlantic and escorted more than 18 convoys to Russia.

Thirteen Chance-Vought Corsairs flying in formation over HMS Kent, as seen from the escort carrier HMS Trumpeter

In 1944, the ship took part in a number of operations off the Norwegian coast which were, at first, designed to direct Hitler's attention away from Normandy. On 14 November 1944, as flagship of Rear-Admiral Rhoderick McGrigor, with light cruiser HMS Bellona, destroyers HMS Myngs, Zambesi, Verulam and HMCS Algonquin, raided shipping south east of Egersund, Norway. The force intercepted a German convoy off Lister fjord, four freighters escorted by M.416, M.427, Uj.1221, Uj.1223, Uj.1713 and one more, unidentified, Uj. Opening fire at 2300 hrs, the cruisers and destroyers sank two of the freighters and all the escorts above except the unidentified one. This successful engagement was the ship's last action.

At the end of 1944 Kent collided with a tanker. After repairs on Clydeside, she was retained at Gareloch as Reserve Fleet flagship. In October 1946 she was moved to Chatham to act as reserve fleet flagship there. During the summer, 1947, her armament was removed and she was used for target trials.

Finally, she was allocated to BISCO on 22 January 1948, and arrived at Troon on 31 January to be broken up by West of Scotland Shipbreakers.

[edit] References

• British and Empire Warships of the Second World War, H T Lenton, Greenhill Books, ISBN 1-85367-277-7
• Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922-1946, Ed. Robert Gardiner, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 0-87021-913-8
• Colledge, J. J. and Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: the complete record of all fighting ships of the Royal Navy, Rev. ed., London: Chatham. ISBN 9781861762818. OCLC 67375475. 
• HMS Kent at U-boat.net
• HMS Kent at battleships-cruisers.co.uk
• History of HMS Kent