HMS Coventry (D118)
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 HMS Coventry (D118) |
|
| Career (UK) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | HMS Coventry |
| Operator: | Royal Navy |
| Builder: | Cammell Laird |
| Laid down: | 29 January 1973 |
| Launched: | 21 June 1974 |
| Commissioned: | 20 October 1978 |
| Fate: | Sunk by Argentine aircraft on 25 May 1982 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Type 42 Sheffield Class Batch 1 |
| Displacement: | 4,820 tonnes |
| Length: | 125 m (410 ft) |
| Beam: | 14.3 m (47 ft) |
| Draught: | 5.8 m (19 ft) |
| Draft: | 19' |
| Propulsion: | COGOG (Combined Gas or Gas) turbines, 2 shafts 2 turbines producing 36 MW 2 Rolls-Royce Olympus TM3B gas turbines and 2 Rolls-Royce Tyne RM1A gas turbines. |
| Speed: | 30 knots (56 km/h) |
| Endurance: | 4500NM @ 18kts |
| Complement: | 287 |
| Armament: | Sea Dart Surface-to-Air Missiles 4.5 inch (114 mm) Mk.8 gun 2 single 20mm Oerlikon guns 2 × Corvus chaff launchers |
| Armour: | None |
| Aircraft carried: | Westland Lynx HAS.Mk.1/2 |
HMS Coventry (D118) was a Type 42 (Sheffield Class) destroyer of the Royal Navy laid down by Cammell Laird and Company, Limited, at Birkenhead on 29 January 1973, launched on 21 June 1974 and commissioned on 20 October 1978. She was commissioned on 10th November 1978 at Portsmouth Dockyard.
Following initial trials she was given the task of trialling the Lynx helicopter to determine safe operating limits for the Lynx/Type 42 combination. With the news of Argentina's invasion of the Falklands, Coventry became part of the Advanced Group of the Task Force and set sail for the Falklands and the operation to re-take them - Operation Corporate.
Contents |
[edit] Falklands War
HMS Coventry was one of three Type 42 destroyers providing anti aircraft cover for the fleet, but the loss of the Sheffield and damage to Glasgow (on the 12 May forcing her to return to the UK) left Coventry to carry the role alone until other ships could arrive from the UK.
HMS Coventry became the first Royal Navy warship to fire the Sea Dart SAM (Surface-to-Air Missiles) in anger when the ship fired three on 9 May destroying two A-4 Skyhawks of FAA Grupo 4, with one aircraft found on South Jason Island. Lt Casco and Lt Farias were both killed. The third was fired at a Hercules on a supply run but it escaped unharmed as the Sea Dart was fired at maximum range.
Some reports suggest that these two Skyhawks were lost in bad weather, however Coventry did fire at distant contacts at the same time Lt Casco and Lt Farias were lost and the targets disappeared from radar, but hits could not be confirmed. HMS Broadsword reported that their radar had tracked the missile merging with the pair of Skyhawks. They may well have both been downed by Coventry’s missiles, or collided while attempting to evade it.
Later, Coventry shot down an Aérospatiale Puma SA330L helicopter with its three man crew with another Sea Dart missile.
She was also the first to use the Sea Skua (Air-to-Surface) anti-ship missiles in action; when her onboard Westland Lynx HAS.Mk.2 fired a Sea Skua missile on 3 May at ARA Alferez Sobral, the former USS Salish, approximately 70 miles North of the Falkland Islands, while she was searching for the crew of an Argentine Canberra bomber. One missile missed and the other hit a small boat slightly injuring a crewman manning a 20mm gun and knocking out the radio aerials.
HMS Glasgow’s Lynx fired two more Sea Skua, and the vessel retreated with eight crew killed, eight wounded including the ship's captain Lieutenant Commander Sergio Gómez Roca. Her damaged bridge is now on display at the Naval Museum in Tigre Partido, Argentina. The vessel itself was repaired and returned to service after the war.
This was reported in The Sun as part of the Notorious [[1]] headline of "GOTCHA, Our lads sink gunboat and hole Cruiser." along with two Library pictures.
On the 22nd May Coventry locked on to an Argentine Boeing 707 reconnaissance aircraft with her Sea Dart but a flash door failed and the launcher went into fail safe mode, preventing the launch. Later in the day HMS Cardiff also attempted to down what may have been the same aircraft, this time the missile fired successfully and was seen to explode near the target, but the aircraft's crew had seen the incoming missile and manoeuvred to avoid it, returning to base safely.
[edit] Sinking
On 25 May (one of Argentina's national days, el Día de la Revolución de Mayo esp; "May Revolution Day"), 1982 HMS Coventry, accompanied by HMS Broadsword was ordered to take up position in Falkland Sound. There she would act as a decoy to draw away Argentinian aircraft from the troopships and landings at San Carlos Bay in the Falkland Islands. In this position close to land with not enough open sea between her and the land, her Sea Dart missiles were rendered ineffective.[1] Broadsword was armed with the Sea Wolf missile which is a short range anti-aircraft and anti-missile weapon.
The trap worked when an A-4B Skyhawk of FAA Grupo 5 was shot down north of Pebble Island by a Sea Dart fired by HMS Coventry (9.30 am). Lt Palaver was killed while in the process of aerial re-fueling from a KC-130H. This missile attack disrupted the planned Grupo 5 mission which was targeted specifically at Coventry and Broadsword, finally being abandoned after Palaver's aircraft was destroyed.
Then three hours later a FAA A-4C Skyhawk coded C-304 of Grupo 4 de Caza was shot down north east of Pebble Island by another of Coventry’s Sea Dart missile's, while returning from a mission over San Carlos Water and being slightly damaged by ground fire. Capitán Jorge Osvaldo García successfully ejected but was not recovered from the water, (his body was washed ashore in a dinghy at Golding Island in 1983).
Garcia's wingman, Lt Lucero, was also shot down during the raid, by a Sea Cat from HMS Yarmouth (also claimed by various others in the area including a Rapier missile Battery) but was luckier and ejected into captivity, in front of waiting news crews.
They then came under attack by several waves of Argentine A-4 Skyhawks specifically sent to sink them. Split into two flights of three ('Vulcano' and 'Zeus' flights), Vulcan flight took off missing one aircraft which had become unserviceable. Zeus flight also became short one aircraft shortly after departure. The remaining four Skyhawks flew on. As Coventry and Broadsword were closer to the Argentine mainland than the remainder of the task force, a full load of three 1,000lb bombs could be carried by each aircraft.
The remaining four enemy aircraft flew so low that Coventry's targeting radar could not distinguish between them and the land and failed to lock on. Broadsword attempted to target the first pair of attackers with her Sea Wolf missile system, but her own tracking system locked down during the attack and could not be reset before the aircraft released their bombs.[2]
Vulcano flight - Capitán P. Marcos Carballo and Teniente Carlos Rinke - both attacked the Broadsword, but of their six bombs, only one managed to hit the Broadsword in the face of intense fire, including small arms. This bomb bounced off the sea near the stern, passed through the side of the ship and up through the flight deck, tearing the nose off the Westland Lynx HAS.Mk.2helicopter in the process and starting a fire. The bomb continued up and away from the ship, landing in the sea nearby. [2]
Zeus flight - Primer Teniente Mariano A. Velasco and Alférez Leonardo Barrionuevo commenced their Attack on Coventry. Coventry launched an unguided Sea Dart in an attempt to distract them and turned to starboard in order to reduce her profile. On Broadsword the Sea Wolf system had been reset and had successfully acquired the attacking aircraft, but was unable to deploy when Coventry’s turn took her directly into the arc of fire.
Coventry used her 4.5 inch gun and small arms against the attacking aircraft, whilst Velasco fired his cannons, hitting the hangar area, and then pressed his bomb release but all three of his bombs failed to drop from his aircraft.
Barrionuevo released his bombs at just the right moment and all three hit the ship. Fitted with delay fuses, one bomb failed to go off, but the others exploded deep within the ship seconds later, tearing out a large amount of her port side and killing several of the crew, mostly in the auxiliary machine space, computer room and dining room where the first aid party were stationed. The explosion just forward of the computer room boiled up through the open computer room hatch and wrecked the operations room. A large fire immediately took hold and water began pouring into the ship through the holes ripped in her side.
Within 20 minutes she had been abandoned and had completely capsized, with the loss of 19 of her crew. After the ship was struck, her crew, waiting to be rescued, sang "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" from Monty Python's Life of Brian[3](which was also the same song that the crew of the HMS Sheffield sang while fighting fires on their ship after it was hit by an Exocet missile). A memorial cross was erected on Pebble Island after the war.
Broadsword had immediately begun rescue operations using her ship's boats & helicopters also arrived from the ships in San Carlos Water. A particularly brave bit of flying from CPO Aircrewman M J Tupper of 846 NAS - hovering very near to the Coventry’s magazine (which could have blown up at any moment) - resulted in 17 survivors in life rafts trapped alongside the ship being lifted onto the Broadsword. Tupper later received the Distinguished Service Medal for his bravery. Broadsword’s crew aided in the rescue, with her ship's boat and Gemini towing life rafts away from the Coventry as she rolled over despite the ever present danger of a major explosion.
The wreck site is a controlled site under the Protection of Military Remains Act.
Roll of Honour
- Marine Engineering Mechanic (Mechanical) FRANK O. ARMES
- Acting Chief Weapons Engineering Artificer JOHN D. L. CADDY
- Marine Engineering Artificer (Mechanical) PAUL B. CALLUS
- Acting Petty Officer Catering AccountantSTEPHEN R. DAWSON
- Acting Weapons Engineering Mechanic (Radio)JOHN K. DOBSON
- Petty Officer (Sonar)MICHAEL G. FOWLER
- Weapons Engineering Mechanic (Ordnance)IAN P. HALL
- Lieutenant RODNEY R. HEATH
- Laundryman KYE BEN KWO
- Acting Weapons Engineering Mechanic DAVID J. A. OZBIRN
- Lieutenant Commander GLEN S. ROBINSON-MOLTKE
- Leading Seaman Electronic Warfare BERNARD J. STILL
- Marine Engineering Artificer GEOFFREY L. J. STOCKWELL
- Acting Weapons Engineering Artificer DAVID A. STRICKLAND
- Able Seaman (Electronic Warfare) ADRIAN D. SUNDERLAND
- Marine Engineering Mechanic (Mechanical) STEPHEN TONKIN
- Acting Cook IAN TURNBULL
- Acting Weapons Engineering Artificer PHILIP P. WHITE
- Weapons Engineering Artificer (Apprentice) IAN R. WILLIAMS
- Marine Engineering Mechanic (Mechanical) PAUL T. MILLS (Paul died on the 29 March 1983, from complications from a skull fracture, following the air attack).
All four Skyhawks returned to base safely, though Carballo's A-4 had one fuel tank holed by fire from the Broadsword. The pilot of the aircraft whose bombs failed to drop - Velasco - was back in action two days later, carrying out an attack on the troops in Ajax Bay. HMS Fearless raked his A-4 with Bofors 40 mm gun fire and his aircraft burst into flame, with hydraulics lost, Velasco ejected over West Falkland between Port Fox and Port Howard. After two days walking he found an empty house which contained some food. Shortly afterwards met some kelpers. After unsuccessfully trying to buy a horse from them, he was dropped off at Port Howard and took no further part in the war. The other three pilots on the raid also survived the war.
David Hart Dyke, Coventry's commanding officer during the Falklands War, wrote about the ship's tale in his book "Four Weeks in May: The Loss of HMS Coventry". This was later adapted by the BBC into a documentary (with dramatised sequences) and shown in June 2007. [1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b BBC "Surviving a Falklands 'suicide' mission"
- ^ Hart Dyke, David. Four Weeks in May: The Loss of "HMS Coventry". Atlantic Books (2007). ISBN 978-1843545903
- ^ Cited in 'Sea of Fire' http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6705387.stm]
[edit] External links
- HMS Coventry D118
- HMS Broadsword 82 Coventry attack Pictorial
- Graphic of the Argentine Attack
- News Item
- News Item
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