HMS Caesar (1896)

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HMS Caesar
Career (United Kingdom) Royal Navy Ensign
Name: HMS Caesar
Namesake: Julius Caesar
Builder: Portsmouth Dockyard
Laid down: 25 March 1895
Launched: 2 September 1896
Completed: January 1898[1]
Commissioned: 13 January 1898[2]
Decommissioned: 23 April 1920[3]
Fate: Sold for scrapping, 8 November 1921[4]
Notes: Converted to depot ship September-October 1918
General characteristics
Displacement: 14900 tons normal, 16000 tons full load
Length: 421 ft (128 m) loa, 390 ft (118.87m) lbp
Beam: 75 ft (23 m)
Draught: 27 ft (8.2 m)
Propulsion: Water tube boilers, 2 × vertical triple expansion engines, 2 shafts, 12,000 ihp
Speed: 17.5 kt
Capacity: 2000 tons coal
Complement: (Officers and Ratings) = 670
Armament:

Main guns - 4 × 12" (2 × 2)

Secondaryguns-12×6"(12×1)
Torpedotubes-5×18"4submerged,1abovewater
Otherweapons-16×3"(16×1),12×3 pdr(12×1)
Countermeasures-None
Armour:

Belt: 9" Harvey armour

Deck:2.5"-3"
Barbettes:10"
Turrets:6"
For other ships of the same name, see HMS Caesar.

HMS Caesar was a Majestic-class pre-dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy, named after the Roman military and political leader Julius Caesar.

Contents

[edit] Technical Desciption

HMS Caesar was laid down at Portsmouth Dockyard on 25 March 1895 and launched on 2 September 1896. She was completed in January 1898.[5]

In common with her sister ships, Caesar was armed with new 12-inch (305-mm), 46-ton guns which offered greater accuracy and penetration than the 13.5-inch (343-mm) guns used on the previous Royal Sovereign-class battleships. However the introduction of the dreadnought-type battleships beginning in 1906 rendered her virtually obsolete.

[edit] Operational History

HMS Caesar commissioned at Portsmouth on 13 January 1898 to serve in the Mediterranean Fleet. Before leaving for the Mediterranean, she was attached temporarily to the Channel Fleet to serve in home waters.[6]

In May 1898, Caesar departed the United Kingdom for her Mediterranean service, undergoing a refit at Malta in 1900-1901. She ended her Mediterranean service in October 1903, paying off at Portsmouth on 6 October 1903 to begin a refit. [7]

Her refit completed, Caesar commissioned at Portsmouth on 2 February 1904 to relieve her sister ship HMS Majestic as flagship of the Channel Fleet. When the Channel Fleet became the Atlantic Fleet as a result of a reorganization on 1 January 1905, Caesar became flagship of the Atlantic Fleet. She was relieved of this duty in March 1905, becoming 2nd Flagship of the new Channel Fleet (which had been the Home Fleet prior to the reorganization).[8]

On 3 June 1905, Caesar collided with and sank the barque Afghanistan off Dungeness, suffering significant damage; her bridge wings were carried away and the boats, davits, and net booms on her port side were badly damaged. Caesar was refitted at Devonport to repair the damage.[9]

Caesar became Flagship, Rear Admiral, Home Fleet, in December 1905.[10] She was relieved of this duty in February 1907 and transferred back to the Atlantic Fleet to become its temporary flagship.[11] She served in this role until May 1907.[12]

On 27 May 1907, Caesar recommissioned for service in the Devonport Division of the new Home Fleet, which had been formed in January 1907. During this service she underwent a refit at Devonport in 1907-1908.[13]

In May 1909, Caesar transferred to the Nore, temporarily serving as the flagship of Vice Admiral, 3rd and 4th Divisions, Home Fleet. In April 1911 she transferred to Devonport to serve in the 3rd Division, Home Fleet.[14]

On 16 January 1911, Caesar was rammed in fog by barque Excelsior at Sheerness, suffering no serious damage.[15] In March 1912, Caesar was placed in commissioned reserve with a nucleus crew as part of the 4th Division, Home Fleet.[16]

At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Caesar was brought back into full commission[17] and transferred to the 7th Battle Squadron of the Channel Fleet; the squadron was charged with the defense of the English Channel. During this service she helped in transporting the Plymouth Marine Division from Plymouth to Ostend, Belgium, and covered the passage of the British Expeditionary Force from England to France in September 1914.[18]

In December 1914, Caesar was detached from the 7th Battle Squadron and transferred to Gibraltar to serve as guard ship and gunnery training ship there. In July 1915, she transferred to the North America and West Indies Station, [19] serving as guard ship and gunnery training ship at Bermuda[20] and patrolling the Atlantic.[21]

Her North America and West Indies Station service ended in September 1918, when Caesar was transferred to relieve HMS Andromache (the old second-class cruiser and former minelayer HMS Latona) as flagship of the Senior Naval Officer, British Adriatic Squadron, at Corfu, the last British predreadnought to serve as a flagship. In September 1918, Caesar went to Malta for refit as a depot ship, during which she was equipped with repair shops and with leisure facilities such as recreation rooms and reading rooms. This conversion completed, she took up duties in October 1918 at Mudros as depot ship for the British Aegean Squadron. In January 1919 she was transferred to Port Said, Egypt, for service as a depot ship there.

In June 1919, Caesar transited the Dardanelles and transferred to the Black Sea, where she served as a depot ship for British naval forces operating against the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution. In this service she became the last British predreadnought to serve operationally overseas.[22]

Caesar returned to the United Kingdom in March 1920, paid off at Devonport on 23 April 1920, and was placed on the disposal list. She was sold to a British firm for scrapping on 8 November 1921, then resold to a German firm in July 1922 and towed from Devonport to Germany to be scrapped.[23]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Burt, p. 114
  2. ^ Burt, p. 132
  3. ^ Bur, p. 133
  4. ^ Burt, p. 133
  5. ^ Burt, p. 114
  6. ^ Burt, p. 133
  7. ^ Burt, p. 132
  8. ^ Burt, p. 132
  9. ^ Burt, pp. 132-133
  10. ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921, p. 7
  11. ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-19021, p. 7
  12. ^ Burt, p. 133
  13. ^ Burt, p. 133
  14. ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921, p. 7
  15. ^ Burt, p. 133
  16. ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921, p. 7
  17. ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921, p. 7
  18. ^ Burt, p. 133
  19. ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921, p. 7
  20. ^ Burt, p. 133
  21. ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921, p. 7
  22. ^ Burt, p. 133
  23. ^ Burt, p. 133

[edit] References

  • Burt, R. A. British Battleship 1889-1904. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1988. ISBN 0870210610.
  • Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, eds., Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1979), ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
  • Dittmar, F. J. & Colledge, J. J., "British Warships 1914-1919", (Ian Allen, London, 1972), ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
  • Gray, Randal, Ed. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985. ISBN 0870219073.
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Majestic class battleship
List of battleships of the Royal Navy