HLA-DQ7

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Illustration of HLA-DQ with peptide in the binding pocket
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ7
Haplotypes DQA1*0302:DQB1*0301 DQA1*0303:DQB1*0301 DQA1*0401:DQB1*0301 DQA1*0505:DQB1*0301 DQA1*0601:DQB1*0301
Structure (See HLA-DQ)
Identifiers
alpha 1 *0302 *0303 *0401 *0505 *0601
Symbol(s) HLA-DQA1
EBI-HLA DQA1*0302
EBI-HLA DQA1*0303
EBI-HLA DQA1*0401
EBI-HLA DQA1*0505
EBI-HLA DQA1*0601
Identifiers
beta 1 *0301 *0304
Symbol(s) HLA-DQB1
EBI-HLA DQB1*0301
EBI-HLA DQB1*0304
Shared data
Locus chr.6 6p21.31

HLA-DQ7 (DQ7) is an HLA-DQ serotype that recognizes the common HLA DRB1*0301[1] and the less common HLA DRB1*0304 gene products. DQ7 is a form of 'split antigen' of the broad antigen group DQ3 which also contains DQ8 and DQ9.

DQ7 is linked by haplotype to a number of DQA1 (DQ alpha chain) genes, producing in cis-haplotype form, a large number of DQ αβ isoforms. These DQ alpha chains are also known to form transhaplotype isomers with other HLA-DQ.

DQ7 is linked to the following alpha chains genes (DQA1*)

  • 03 - *0301, *0302, *0303
  • 0401
  • 0505
  • 0601

Contents

[edit] Serology

Serotyping efficiency.

DQ3, DQ7, DQ8, and DQ9 recognition of Some DRB1*and [2]
DQB1* DQ7 DQ3 DQ8 Sample
allele  %  %  % size (N)
0301 85 40 1 12220
0304 40 35 8 111

[edit] Alleles

DQB1*0301 appears to be associated with lupus anticoagulant.[3]

[edit] Haplotypes

HLA DQA1*03:DQB1*0301 frequencies
freq
ref. Population (%)
[4] Chukotka Chukchi (Siberia) 26.7
[4] Chukotka Eskimos (Siberia) 25.0
[4] Koryaks (NE Kamchatka, Siberia) 19.1
[4] Polygus Evenks (Siberia) 11.4
[4] Khalkh (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) 11.0
[4] Negidal (Siberia) 9.6
[4] Kushun Buryat (Siberia) 8.0
[4] Tarialan Khoton (Mongolia) 7.8
[4] France Ceph 6.0
[4] Russia Tuva (2) 6.0
[4] Udegeys Gvaysugi (Siberia) 4.8
[4] Irkutsk Tofalar (Siberia ) 4.7
[4] Ulchi (Siberia) 4.1
[4] Belgian pop2 4.1
[4] England Caucasoid 4.0
[4] Italy pop 2 2.8
[4] Russia Tuva Todja 2.3
[4] China Urumqi Kazak 2.4
[4] Sulamai Kets (Siberia) 2.3
[4] Russia Siberia Nganasan Dudinka 2.1
[4] NW Slavic Russia 2.0
[4] Japan Fukuoka 1.2
[4] Japan (2) 1.1

DQ haplotypes of this serotype are formed between the cis-chromosomal genes of the DQA1 locus. This includes DQA1*0301, *0302, *0303, *0401, *0505, *0601.

There is a rather large degree of disequilibration about DQA1*0301 suggesting that this is one of the older and more established HLA DQB1* alleles in Eurasia. The intron structure of DQB1 suggest that DQB1*0301 DQB1*0302/*0303 split occurred before DQB1*0302/*0303, the distribution of *03 in Africa suggest that recombination DQA1*03:DQB1*0301 are primarily the result of recombination events that have occurred in Africa. A recent study of myasthenia gravis in Houston confirms the presence of A*0505:B*0301 in Nigeria. B1*0301 and A1*03 haplotypes are found at relatively high frequencies in SE Asia and Austronesia, also indicating that it is well established in the exo-African population.

[edit] DQ7.3

The DQ7.3 haplotype can be formed by DQA1*0301:DQB1*0301, DQA1*0302:DQB1*0301, DQA1*0303:DQB1*0301. In the west, the DQA1*0303:DQB1*0301 haplotype appears to be more common. The gene products of all 3 function similarly and subunits are interchangeable. In the literature, older DNA tests recognize DQA1*0303 as DQA1*0302, and still oldest DNA tests recognize all three as DQA1*03 or DQA1*0301.

DQA1*0303:DQB1*0301 may be involved in narcolepsy.[5] DQ7.3 appears to be associated with oral ulcerations and gingival disease [6]





[edit] DQ7.4

HLA DQA1*0401:DQB1*0301
freq
ref. Population (%)
[4] Chukotka Chukchi (Siberia) 9.5
[4] Gvaysugi Udegeys (Siberia) 9.5
[4] Chukotka Eskimos (Siberia) 8.7
[4] Polygus Evenks (Siberia) 7.2
[4] NE Koryaks (Kamchatka) 6.5
[4] Cameroon Saa 4.4
[4] Sulamai Kets (Siberia) 2.3
[4] Gambia 1.4
[4] Fukuoka Japan 1.2
[7] Caucasian Americans 0.3

DQA1*0401:DQB1*0301 (DQ7.4) This haplotype is found in Siberia, Africa but also at low levels in Western Europe.






[edit] DQ7.5

HLA DQA1*0505 frequencies
freq
ref. Population (%)
[4] Lebanon (estimated) 40.0
[4] Italy Rome 29.6
[4] Netherlands (2) 15.5
[4] Tunisia 14.6
[4] England (2) 10.1
[4] South Korea 6.8
[4] Congo Kinshasa Bantu 4.4

DQA1*0505:DQB1*0301 (DQ7.5) was gene-typed as DQA1*0501:DQB1*0301 until it was recognized that there was amino acid sequence variant in the preprocessed DQA1* gene product (proto-α-chain polypeptide encoded DQA1*0505). This proto-alpha, once processed, is identical to the DQA1*0501 encoded α-chain once it is processed. Almost 100% of DQ7.5 haplotypes carry the DQA1*0505 allele.[8] The DR5-DQ7.5 is common in the Southeastern Europe and the Levant, with DQ7.5 reaching a haplotype frequency of 40% in Lebanon. Its high level is probably not by chance, the haplotype appears to protect against juvenile diabetes, which appears to be more common among cereal eating peoples.[9] Cereals were first domesticated in the Near and Middle East more than 10,000 years ago and selection may explain DQ7.5's higher frequencies. (See: Triticeae)

The processed alpha subunit of DQA1*0505 is identical to that of DQA1*0501, but some slight differences in the association with autoimmune disease are observed, possibly as a result of linked DR and DQB1 genes. DQA1*0505 can play into celiac disease under two circumstances. First it can increase risk when DQ2.5 is present, although current studies indicate that it marginally increases risk relative to DQB1*0202 in DQ2.5 cis haplotype. DQA1*0505, without DQ2, is found in a small percentage of coeliac disease (without DQ2 or DQ8).[10]

DQ7.5 is found also high in frequency in the new world, but with DR types less commonly encountered in the old world. DQA1*05 allele is not clear in the new world. DQB1*0301 may be under current positive selection in the human population, at least in areas where DQ2.5 and DQ8 are high, as it confers resistance to type 1 diabetes. For hepatitis type B, DQ7 is associated with persistence but for C, DQ7 is associated with clearance.[11] DQA1*0505, DQB1*0301 appear to increase the risk for melanoma in the Spanish population however this may have a linkage to more recent fair skinned migrants. DQB1*0301 is also associated with allergic fungal sinusitis, human papillomavirus (HPV) induced warts, limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis in Africans, and primary sclerosing cholangitis in Southern Europeans. DQB1*0301 is also predisposing in narcolepsy.[5] DQB1*0301 does not to play a role in any frequently occurring autoimmune disease and its presence in the near east and suppressed frequencies of coeliac disease and Type 1 diabetes in these regions is suggestive that it has a positive selection in Post-Mesolithic cereal based societies in the Western Eurasia.

DQB1*0301 appears to be more associated with early onset myasthenia gravis in Japanese than DQ8, and was also found along with DQB1*0304 to be associated with Chinese MG. DQ7 or associated DR types may play a role in rheumatoid arthritis. In celiac disease the DQ7 (A*0505/1) can mediate celiac disease when HLA DQ2.2 is also present. HLA DQB1*0301 in Turks is associated with Thymoma but the risk may be associated with HLA class I loci.

[edit] DQ7.6

HLA DQA1*0601 frequencies
freq
ref. Population (%)
[4] Java Yogyakarta 48.1
[4] Kiribati 37.9
[4] Nauru 28.4
[4] Harbin City (Manchuria, China) 12.8
[4] Thailand 12.7
[4] South Korean (5) 4.4
[4] China Beijing and Xian 3.5
[4] Japan 3.0
[4] India Bombay 1.7
[4] England Caucasoid 0.6
[4] Italy Central 0.6
[4] Algeria1 0.5
[4] Cameroon 0.4

DQA1*0601:DQB1*0301 (DQ7.6) is a globally rare haplotype, however it is found at high frequencies in the South Pacific and along the West Pacific rim. DQA1*0301 appears to be uniquely linked to DQA1*0601. DQ7.6 is positively associated with asthma,[12] pauciarticular juvenile arthritis without anti-nuclear antibodies,[13] DQ7.6 is negatively associated (Protective against) juvenile diabetes,[14] liver and spleen disease in Schistosoma japonicum infection,[15] pulmonary tuberculosis.[16]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Bunce M, Taylor CJ, Welsh KI (1993). "Rapid HLA-DQB typing by eight polymerase chain reaction amplifications with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP)". Hum. Immunol. 37 (4): 201–6. PMID 7905469. 
  2. ^ derived from IMGT/HLA
  3. ^ Arnett FC, Olsen ML, Anderson KL, Reveille JD (1991). "Molecular analysis of major histocompatibility complex alleles associated with the lupus anticoagulant". J. Clin. Invest. 87 (5): 1490–5. PMID 1673688. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens 61 (5): 403–7. PMID 12753660. 
  5. ^ a b Hong SC, Lin L, Lo B, et al (2007). "DQB1*0301 and DQB1*0601 modulate narcolepsy susceptibility in Koreans". Hum. Immunol. 68 (1): 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.10.006. PMID 17207713. 
  6. ^ pmid 8052655
  7. ^ Klitz W, Maiers M, Spellman S, et al (2003). "New HLA haplotype frequency reference standards: high-resolution and large sample typing of HLA DR-DQ haplotypes in a sample of European Americans". Tissue Antigens 62 (4): 296–307. PMID 12974796. 
  8. ^ Pera C, Delfino L, Longo A, Pistillo MP, Ferrara GB (2000). "Novel associations among HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles, revealed by high-resolution sequence-based typing (SBT)". Tissue Antigens 55 (3): 275–9. PMID 10777105. 
  9. ^ Almawi WY, Wakim-Ghorayeb SF, Arekat MR, et al (2006). "Association of selective HLA class II susceptibility-conferring and protective haplotypes with type 2 diabetes in patients from Bahrain and Lebanon". Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 13 (11): 1296–8. doi:10.1128/CVI.00206-06. PMID 16988007. 
  10. ^ Karell K, Louka AS, Moodie SJ, et al (2003). "HLA types in celiac disease patients not carrying the DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (DQ2) heterodimer: results from the European Genetics Cluster on Celiac Disease". Hum. Immunol. 64 (4): 469–77. PMID 12651074. 
  11. ^ Singh R, Kaul R, Kaul A, Khan K (2007). "A comparative review of HLA associations with hepatitis B and C viral infections across global populations". World J. Gastroenterol. 13 (12): 1770–87. PMID 17465466. 
  12. ^ Guo X, Ni P, Li L (2001). "[Association between asthma and the polymorphism of HLA-DQ genes]" (in Chinese). Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 24 (3): 139–41. PMID 11802952. 
  13. ^ Donn RP, Thomson W, Pepper L, et al (1995). "Antinuclear antibodies in early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) are associated with HLA-DQB1*0603: a possible JCA-associated human leucocyte antigen haplotype". Br. J. Rheumatol. 34 (5): 461–5. PMID 7788177. 
  14. ^ Chuang LM, Jou TS, Wu HP, et al (1995). "HLA DQA1 genotypes and its interaction with HLA DQB1 in Chinese IDDM living in Taiwan". Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. Repub. China B 19 (2): 73–9. PMID 7624445. 
  15. ^ Waine GJ, Ross AG, Williams GM, Sleigh AC, McManus DP (1998). "HLA class II antigens are associated with resistance or susceptibility to hepatosplenic disease in a Chinese population infected with Schistosoma japonicum". Int. J. Parasitol. 28 (4): 537–42. PMID 9602373. 
  16. ^ Vejbaesya S, Chierakul N, Luangtrakool K, Srinak D, Stephens HA (2002). "Associations of HLA class II alleles with pulmonary tuberculosis in Thais". Eur. J. Immunogenet. 29 (5): 431–4. PMID 12358854. 
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HLA DQ serotypes

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