History of Iranian Balochistan

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Baluchistan is divided into three parts namely Northern Balochistan or Afghani Balochistan in Afghanistan, Western Balochistan or Iranian Balochistan in Iran and Eastern Balochistan or Central Balochistan in Pakistan.


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[edit] History

[edit] Pre-Islamic

Iranian Balochistan has had some of the earliest human civilizations in history. The Burnt city, which is near Dozaap (Zahidan), dates back to 2000 BC. All of what is today known as Baluchistan was incorporated in the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid empires.

[edit] Islamic

The Arabs invaded Balochistan in 7th century, which resulted in far-reaching social, religious, economic and political implications in the surrounding areas. In 644 AD[citation needed], Baluchistan was controlled by the Arab armies. Around the same time, the Balouchi people converted to Islam. Arab rule in Baluchistan helped the Baloch people to develop their own semi-independent tribal systems, which usually faced frequent threats by stronger forces. It was in the 15th century, when Mir Chakar Khan Rind established the first time in history Kingdom of Baluchistan. It started from west Kerman to western Sind and from north southern Khorasan, southern Afghanistan and southern Punjab to south from Bandar Abbas to Karachi but soon fall in civil war for over thirty years in which resulted death of thousands of people. In 17th century Baluchistan was dominant by Khan of Kalat power. Baluchis and Persian empire s have long dispute between their ethnic, culture, political and religious reasons. Persian army defeated Baluchi forces and captured Bampur in 1849. Following years Baluch nationalism start getting weak. British and Persian empires divided Baluchistan into many parts. In 19th century in western Baluchistan, many revolts took place against Persian occupation. In 1873, the revolt of Jask against Persia, after that in 1888, the revolt of Sarhad took place and in 1889 again general uprising. It was end of 19th century, when Sardar Hussein Narui Baloch started uprising against Persia which was crushed by joint Anglo-Persian mission forces. However in coming years, struggling situation of Persian empire s among themselves and British in eastern Baluchistan, gave a chance to western Baluchis to gain control of their territory in Western Baluchistan. The starts of 20th century, Bahram Khan succeed to control Baluch- lands. In 1916 British empire s recognized him king of Baluchistan. Mir Dost Muhammad Khan Baluch, did not become as successful as his uncle of Bahram Khan. He succeeds his uncle thrown and in 1920, he proclaimed himself Shah-e-Baluchistan (Persian for King of Baluchistan) but in 1928, Reza Shah came in power and Persian forces started operations against Baluchi forces with the help of British. The Baluch were defeated and captured Mir Dost Muhammad Khan Baluch. Same year Mir Dost Muhammad Khan Baluch executed in Tehran prison. Baluchis were not happy with British and raised their voiced against the occupation of Western Baluchistan by Persia at Baluch Conference of Jacobabad.

The Iranian Baluchi were support in 1950s to 1980s by Arab nationalist leaders especially Baathist regimes of Iraq and Syria and Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. In 1950s Iraq supported Dad Shah. In 1960s Baluchi revolt against Iran, Iraq fully support Baluchis but because of Baluchi tribal leaders made a deal with Shah of Iran, the Iraqi support for Baluchi reduced until in 1975, where Algerias settled dispute between Iraq and Iran and Iraq stopped support to Baluchis but Iraq ties with Baloch people did not finished completely. In 1979, Iranian Revolution with it starts of Iraq-Iran War, which ended from 1980 to 1988. Baghdad top created a major problem for Iran by supporting Iranian Baluchi to attack Iranian Forces on eastern side of the boarder by Baluchi separatist group Baluchi Autonomist Movement. During the war, intelligence established an office in Dubai and ran by Baluchis, from there to send spies into Iran. In Iranian Balochistan education is very poor 1980 s in Iranian Balochistan; there were only 350 Baluchi college graduates and 5000 high school graduates.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • Study of Revenge: The First World Trade Center Attack and Saddam Hussein's War Against America By Laurie Mylroie

Summary, ISBN 0844741698.

  • Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature By Albert J. Jongman, Alex Peter Schmid, ISBN 1412804698
  • In Afghanistan's Shadow: Baluch Nationalism and Soviet Temptation by Selig Harrison
  • Inside Baluchistan, a Political Authorbiography by Mir Ahmad Khan Baluch

[edit] External links