Histories of the Royal Malaysian Police
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The history of Malaysian police have existed since be in law of Malacca's Malay sultanate, subsequently taken over by Portuguese soldier, Dutch and later modernize by the British.
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[edit] First police in Malaya (Penang)
On August 11, 1786, Francis Light beaches in Penang and name him as Prince of Wales Island. He measures behalf East India Company office at in India. Residents in Penang at that time was small that Malay fishermens his number. Three years later, Penang people increase to 10,000 people accretion also with immigrants from abroad. In the tense Francis Light finds is important for her to set up police a-body to safeguard security in Penang. He plead to his leaders in India concerning this matter but do not get treatment.
Meanwhile give him rank as Superintendent and instructed to go through his work alone. Therefore, he had to use gently who came together him from Indian. Yet this gently found undisciplined.
In the year 1787, several riot had happened in Penang. European people some sailors has been involved and 2 Siamese were killed. Francis Light's one more time wrote a letter to Governor-General East India Company (Lord Cornwallis) in India to make law and form a single police force in the island but this also rejected.
However, with his wisdom, in the year 1792, Francis Light appoints community leader whose name "Captain" for each Malay race, Chinese and Chulia (South India's people). They this act as magistrate in small cases. For other cases that the accused will be carried forward Superintendent. Each Kapten this would also be held accountable control some districts with facilitated by 5 people of "peon". Peon-peon this could be regarded as maiden police constable in membership low rank officer existing police yet.
Task and responsibility of the police at that time including variety aspects of administration as control water supply and registration "calving dead". Then thereof, include also prevent fire and jail duties. However, primary jobs design is fixed as law executive as those make presently.
Way safeguard security with make Kapten this no fully succeed owed to unable Francis Light appoint Kapten for person - European. They this increasingly behave arrogant because realize that they these independent from the laws. In the year 1793 when European get involved in a murder case, Francis Light cannot act because he no authorised act for Europeans. Until this period Francis Light has some time send the application to East India Company's Director to form a single police force official but no also got celebration. On October 21, 1794 he passed away and replaced by deep Major Forbes Ross Macdonald year 1796. Later, Col. Arthur Wellesley transferred to Penang his during the journey to Manila. He has made record touch matters in connection with safety in Penang and urge so European people a magistrate appointed. On April 19, 1800, Sir George Leith arrives in Penang to hold new position as Lieutenant-General. Four months later John Dicken appointed as Hakim and maiden Majistret in Penang. In the early years 1804, Sir William Farquhar arrives in Penang replace Sir George Leith as Lieutenant-General. Police force state at that time still weak. Make wrong broad variety daily with independent it without take action and without sentence. In the year 1805, all Penang's administration reshuffled again, and the island status enhanced. A Gabenor appointed and Council Hall those responsible to the Indian government established.
On March 25, 1807, a "Charter" accepted. Hereby Pulau Pinang make a Court Of Justice undeceive apart from may establish better police one organization based on 'Charter Of Justice'. This charter had set up a law apparent as those who she entrust to carry out.
[edit] Straits Settlements Police Forces
British East Hindia Company's control up deep Singapore year 1819 have changed all history of Malaya. The new country progress that rapid and later left Malacca and Penang behind it. The development also involves Police Force. In the year 1826 all three British colonies in Malaya rallied with Penang as a federal administrative. In the year 1830 administration Straits Settlements reduce to the standard residensi and placed under power the Bengal Resident while Robert Fullerton become as Resident. Each province stationed by a Deputy Resident. Two years later, Straits Settlements unite again his administration with headed by a Governor. Centre administrations move in Singapore. Deputy Residents appointed as Resident Counselor.
Power exchange Straits Settlements from India to the British Government in the year 1867, although make scene of important to the history of Malaya, not also telling immediate to the constitution Straits Settlements Police Forces concerning. Four years later Police Force Ordinance 1871 legislated with some amendments. This ordinance operative starting year 1872 and used until Japan's arrival. Therefore also the whole Straits Settlements Police Forces consolidated in hand a Police Chief that headquartered in Singapore. Penang and Malacca steered by a Superintendent who act as Chief Police Officer. Maiden straits settlements Inspector-General of Police is Colonel Samuel Dunlop.
[edit] Federated Malay States Police Forces
Year 1874 deep important moments country ' history because beginning him British Resident's system in the Malaya states pioneered by the Perak states. In the year 1892 birth give also Federated Malay States, all four stated state fruit merged in a Federation.
Stated formation unite police force team stated states inside Federated Malay States Police Forces. The police force existence are concurrent with the formation Federated Malay States effective on 1 July 1896. Follow Federated Malay States Constitution, Police Force, Customs, Department Of Survey, Labour and Defence were placed under Government jurisdiction headquartered centre in Kuala Lumpur. Federated Malay States Police Forces is under his supreme commander, viz Police Commissioner. Silver, Pahang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan make as Police Contingent and headed by a States Police Chief (Chief Police Officers). Although Malay Federated States Police Commissioner responsible upper administration and surveillance police force but it is dibawah control and directive Malay Associate States Chief Secretary. Section 3, Police Force Enactment (1924) have mention that,
The Superintendent and administration of the Police Force shall be in the hands of the Commissioner and subject to the orders and control of the Chief Secretary".
First person was promoted as Federated States Police Commissioner is Captain H.C. Syers, Selangor State Superintendent. Syers has moved State Police Headquarters from those Klang to Kuala Lumpur (Now Bukit Aman) and maintain Bluff Road Hill that as Federated Malay States Police Administrations. His post as Selangor Superintendent replaced by Christian Wagner.
Under Captain H.C. Syers, Federated Malay States Police sustains rapid some change and promote. To raise union sense, the blue colour uniform introduced. Every state differentiate by the form button and badge. Syers take the initiative with reform police administrative in Perak. Perak Police Contingent headed by a Police Chief upgrade Deputy Police Commissioner take over fully Sikh's team role in Perak regarded no more part from the police force but Malay States Guides. Perak's contingent at that time have as many as 842 member 15 Europe officer, 472 officer and member Sikh and Pathan, 14 orderlies and 302 low rank officers and Malay constables. Membership in Selangor Contingent also is Europe six people officers, 32 Pathans and 500 low rank officer and Malay constable. With established it Malay States Guides under Colonel R.S.F Walker in the year 1896 his strength six company infantry and two company artillieri (900 member). Shaped all assignments military once it become task and responsibility part Federated Malay States Police taken over by stated forces.
Pahang Police Chief is Duff and the team have 245 member. F.W. Talbot also leading Negeri Sembilan Contingent. There were underheld two Inspector, 56 Sikhs and 250 low ranks and Malay constables. First year existence of Federated Malay States Police record his member's total about 2000 people. Existing problem until 1903 is the police merger still loose, Resident comply predominate deep police administrative every state. Police Commissioner In Bluff Road (now Bukit Aman) has no power fully, unless as `Inspecting Officer' only. Near year 1902, police force strength is 2160 people, viz three Deputy Commissioners, two Assistant Commissioners, 25 inspectors, two Bumiputera officers, 1961 low rank officers clan constable, 93 detectives clan 14 orderlies. Meanwhile Selangor Contingent members of the police and Pahang are armed with `Martini-Enfield Converted Carbines'. Other states also accept `Martini rifles and carbine.
To his year following viz 1903, Federated Malay States Police trully undercommand by police commissioner. These efforts drawn up by H.L. Talbot strive to redirect power and state level to the centre go through effective it Police Force Enactment 1903. One problem that face by the government Federated Malay States Police then is to get members that the trained. Before that members usually is taken from teams Indian military. To tackle problem a training centre (Depot) established at the compound Bluff Road in the month of October 1903. To change view for police and promote Malay serve with the police force, British have used loyalist values to King that there were to Malay. To that Sultan Alang lskandar, prince of Sultan Idris from Perak graduating from Oxford who work in Taiping Secretariat has been appointed as Assistant Commissioner on 1 August 1905 with the consent Paduka Sultan Perak. Sultan Alang Iskandar is a first Malay give pang highest by the British. He is a person enthusiastic prince and have behavior favourable. He then placed in Police Depot and give for recruitment responsibility at Malay members of the police. Sultan Alang Iskandar were carry out variety effort to intriguing Malays served in police force. After 37 year this training centre moved to Riffle Range Road (St Pride) viz yarn is known as PULAPOL (Police Training Centre) now. By the year 1908 some progress are standing out with class organisation a Contingent and District of police has been compiled. Depot also rise complete. Detective branch and newly constituted Pendaftar Rekod Jenayah goes well. Attempt officers bring in from England.
When Talbot passed away on August 31, 1909, Douglas organized the police commissioner post since ill Talbot left in hold office stated. Douglas is Perak's Police Chief since 1897.
In the year 1911, Federated Malay States Police further increase. Within his membership's decade increased that is from 2, 138 peoples to 3, 241 peoples. Europe's official number also increased and 41 peoples become 72 peoples. Problem that face by the police at the time was gambling among Chinese community and also connected crime with candhu. But with efficiency state police force was under control the situations.
Presently also have existed operative Police Force Enactment on 9 January 1924. This enactment is more ordered, state role and task and Negeri Negeri's responsibility of the Federated Malay States Police.
With eruption World War II and fall off him all Malaya to Japanese hands then Federated Malay States Police with his self liquidated. Last Police Chief, E.Bagot comply absconded to Singapore after British's defence force not afford to detain Japanese army advance. When Singapore comply fall to Japanese, E Bagot comply captured.[1]
[edit] Malayan Police under by Imperial Japanese Armed Force
World War II explode in the year 1939 and conditions in Malaya has been anxious when Japan's side conquer Indo-Chinese area. Minimum measures take by Government British to uphold Malaya. A.H. Dickinson, the Straits Settlement Police Chief has been appointed to be Civil Security Officer for throughout Malaya. He responsible in arranging Malaya's defence to confront Japanese army threat of attack.
In Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, Auxiliary Police established, and constables addition take to section strengthen Police Force. Police parties in Kedah, Perak and Kelantan directed so that carry out patrol and control in the border areas Malaya / Thailand. At the same time internal threat groups from anti British had stepped up subversive activities. Campaign anti British carried out especially through two newspapers those owned by Malayan Communist Party viz "EMANCIPATION NEWS" clan "VANGUARD NEWS". To Labour Day 1 May 1940 a gathering largely which is planned by CPM in Singapore can be broken by the police with prevent workers departure to place which has been determined.
In 9 December 1941, Japanese armed forces land in Kelantan and Terengganu. Japanese army advance no can be broken in fact police force had been disunited. Fall of Singapore to Japanese hand indicate disappear it Federated Malay States Police, Unfederate Malay States and Straits Settlement Police Forces.
Japanese occupation period is one "darkness time" in the development police institution in Malaya. Japanese side had built military administration in Malaya. Police force continue function but used as device system of governance deep oppression Japan's authoritarian.
Japanese occupation time has brought two main effect to on the development police institution in Malaya:
- Japanese occupation have pointed out that local residents cope perform the duties police without leadership British officers. Stratification system members of the police based upon separation in among expatriate and unable local official continues after end him Japanese occupation.
- Side hate Japanese nature for a few Chinese people as many as had caused conflict among Chinese community and in the Malay Malaya. At that time Chinese community inhabitants oppressed flee to the jungle enter team Malayan Peoples Anti Japanese Army (MPAJA) which is founded by communist party. Police force hunting the guerrillas many comprise from the Malay. Direct impact of this situation blaze after Japanese army delivery. British side take time more two weeks from to tread again in Malaya. Within this transaction period fighter- partisan was out from the jungle and take over power at various venues. Design already take this opportunity to avenge.
[edit] Malayan Union Police
By year end 1945 and early 1946 British side try to set up constitution of "Malayan Union" that has been planned in London. Although exist violent opposition for this plan considered as efforts exchange Malay states position to a country home, this plan discharged at 1 April 1946. In accordance with this development, on the same date name "Civil Affairs Police Force, Malay Peninsula" convert to Malayan Union Police Force. Staff, policy and organisation it make follow-up from what were founded under CAPE HB Longworthy appointed as Police Chief and his deputy is DP MacNamara.
[edit] Royal Honored
On 24th of July 1958, DYMM Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Almarhum Tuanku Abd Rahman Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhamad already deign to bestow title `Royal' to the Federal Malaya Police Force. From from the second police force is known with the name "Royal Federation Of Malayan Police".
Willing royal command by DYMM Yang di-Pertuan Agong, investiture "Royal" that make a distinction to good service and loyalty evinced by all policeman, in officiate protect peace and state peace since create deep police force year 1807 in Penang.
Investiture "Royal" also is a appreciation Government and people this country on central role and whose interests played by a police team to suppress communists during rebellion first emergency first (1948 1960).
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