Historical Chinese anthems
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This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. |
Historical Chinese Anthems are a number of Chinese official and unofficial national anthems composed during the early 20th century. Today, there are only two remaining:
- Republic of China - "Three Principles of the People"
- People's Republic of China - "The March of the Volunteers"
Contents |
[edit] "The Tune of Li Zhongtang"
Quasi-official
For purposes of diplomatic missions to Western Europe and Russia, Li Hongzhang (Zhongtang being a term of respect for a vizier or prime minister) employed in 1896 political lyrics combined with classical Chinese music -- later known as "The Tune of Li Zhongtang" (李中堂樂).
金殿當頭紫閣重, |
With a golden palace above his head, and fold upon fold of purple pavilions, |
[edit] "Praise the Dragon Flag"
Quasi-official
After the Department of Army was established in 1906, it became the army song, and had been played at formal occasions overseas.
於斯萬年, |
Here for ten thousand years, |
¹兆 usually means one trillion (1012), but it could mean one million (106), and should have that value here in the song for factual accuracy. See Chinese numerals for details.
[edit] "The Cup of Solid Gold"
The first and only official national anthem of the Qing Empire lived less than a month when the Wuchang Uprising occurred in 1911. It is in Classical Chinese. However, the Republic of China denies that "The Cup of Solid Gold" was ever a national anthem.
[edit] 1912 Draft
Provisional
After the establishment of the provisional government in Nanjing, the Ministry of Education under Cai Yuanpei asked the public for possible anthem (as well as coat of arm), and the one whose lyrics was written by Shen Enyun (沈恩孕) and music by Shen Pengnian (沈彭年) was released as a draft in the newspaper.
亞東開化中國早, 飄揚五色旗, 我同胞, |
China, earliest civilization of East Asia, The five-coloured flag flutters, My compatriots, |
[edit] "How Great is Our China!"
Unofficial
Also called "Patriotic Song" (愛國歌), "How Great is Our China!" (泱泱哉,我中華!) has lyrics written by Liang Qichao and music by overseas Chinese in Datong School (大同學校), Yokohama. Released in 1912, it was widespread especially among students.
泱泱哉,我中華! 結成團體, 可愛哉,我國民! |
How great is our China!
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[edit] "China Heroically Stands in the Universe"
Official
After Yuan Shikai took over China, his Ritual Regulations Office (禮制館) issued the new official anthem "China heroically stands in the Universe" (中國雄立宇宙間) on June 1915. Its lyrics were written by Yin Chang (廕昌) and music by Wang Lu (王露).
中國雄立宇宙間﹐ |
China heroically stands in Universe, |
[edit] "The Song to the Auspicious Cloud"
Official
This song has two versions, one is used in 1913 while another in 1920
[edit] First version of The Song to the Auspicious Cloud
In Apr.8th, 1913, the national anthem used in opening ceremony of the 1st regular council, the last line is added by Wang Baorong(汪宝荣), others lines are from Shang Shu, musiced by Jeans Hautstont.
卿雲爛兮﹑ |
How bright is the Auspicious Cloud! |
[edit] Second Version of The Song to the Auspicious Cloud
In November 1919, Tuan Chi-jui (later a Beiyang warlord) established the National Anthem Research Committee (國歌研究會), which adopted:
- The lyrics (1920) by Zhang Taiyan (章太炎) from the classic "The Song to the Auspicious Cloud" (卿雲歌) from Shang Shu
- The music (1921) by a Beijinger professor, Xiao Youmei (蕭友梅).
The anthem was released in July 1921 by the Department of National Affairs (國務院).
卿雲爛兮﹑ |
How bright is the Auspicious Cloud! |
¹糺 (jiū "collaborate") is sometimes written as 糾 (jiū "investigate") or 織 (zhī "to web")
[edit] The "Revolution of the Citizens" Song
Provisional
Written by officers of the Whampoa Military Academy, The "Revolution of the Citizens" Song (國民革命歌 Guomin Geming Ge), sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques(common know as "Two Tigers" in China)," was released on July 1, 1926.
打倒列強,打倒列強, |
Overthrow the foreign Powers, × 2 |
This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. |