Hingham, Massachusetts

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Hingham, Massachusetts
The Old Ship Church, Hingham
The Old Ship Church, Hingham
Location in Plymouth County in Massachusetts
Location in Plymouth County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°14′30″N 70°53′25″W / 42.24167, -70.89028
Country United States
State Massachusetts
County Plymouth
Settled 1633 (as Bare Cove)
Incorporated 1635
Government
 - Type Open town meeting
Area
 - Total 25.0 sq mi (64.9 km²)
 - Land 22.5 sq mi (58.2 km²)
 - Water 2.6 sq mi (6.7 km²)
Elevation 60 ft (18 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 19,891
 - Density 884.8/sq mi (341.6/km²)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code 02043
Area code(s) 339 / 781
FIPS code 25-30210
GNIS feature ID 0618342
Website: http://www.hingham-ma.com/

Hingham is a town in Plymouth County on the South Shore of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The population was 19,891 at the 2000 census. Hingham is located 8 miles (13 km) southeast of the Boston city limits.

For geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Hingham, please see the article Hingham (CDP), Massachusetts.

Contents

[edit] History

The town of Hingham was dubbed "Bare Cove" by the first colonizing English in 1633, but two years later was incorporated as a town under the name "Hingham."[1] Suffolk County claimed Hingham from its founding in 1635 until 1793; Norfolk County from 1793 to 1803; and Plymouth County from 1803. The eastern part of the town split off to become Cohasset, Massachusetts in 1770. The town was named for Hingham, a village in the English county of Norfolk, East Anglia, from whence most of the first colonists came, including Abraham Lincoln's ancestor Samuel Lincoln (1622–1690), his first American ancestor[2] who came to Massachusetts in 1637. A statue of President Lincoln adorns the area adjacent to downtown Hingham Square.

Hingham was born of religious dissent. Many of the original founders were forced to flee their native village in Norfolk with both their vicars, Rev. Peter Hobart and Rev. Robert Peck, when they ran afoul of the strict doctrines of Anglican England. Peck was known for what the eminent Norfolk historian Rev. Francis Blomefield called his "violent schismatical spirit." Peck lowered the chancel railing of the church, in accord with Puritan sentiment that the Anglican church of the day was too removed from its parishioners. He also antagonized ecclesiastical authorities with other verboten practices.

Hobart, a fellow graduate of Cambridge and native of Hingham, sought shelter from the prevailing discipline of the high church among his fellow Puritans.[3] The cost to those who emigrated was steep. They "sold their possession for half their value," noted a contemporaneous account, "and named the place of their settlement after their natal town." (The cost to the place they left behind was also high: Hingham was forced to petition Parliament for aid, claiming that the departure of its most well-to-citizens had left it hamstrung.)

The third town clerk of Hingham was Daniel Cushing, who emigrated to Hingham from Hingham, Norfolk, with his father Matthew in 1638. Cushing's meticulous records of early Hingham enabled subsequent town historians to reconstruct much of early Hingham history as well as that of the early families. Cushing was rather unusual in that he included the town's gossip along with the more conventional formal record-keeping.[4][5] Cushing's early manuscript was published in 1865, with photographs of his contemporaneous notes on Hingham and its inhabitants entitled "Extracts of the Minutes of Daniel Cushing of Hingham."[6]

The first history of Hingham was written in 1827 by Hingham attorney Solomon Lincoln.[7] In it Lincoln delineated the history of many of the town's landmarks and early families. In subsequent years Solomon Lincoln corresponded with Abraham Lincoln about the future president's Hingham ancestry, of which Abe professed to be ignorant.[8] When Solomon Lincoln suggested that Abe might have forbears in Hingham, Abe responded with dry Lincoln wit that if the town's name was 'Hang'-em' then he probably did have relatives there.[9]

For many years Hingham was the site of the Fall Blast which was the New England Optimist Fall Championship.[citation needed]

Hingham is home to the United States' oldest continuously used house of worship, the Old Ship Church, built in 1681, which currently serves members of the Unitarian Universalist faith. Old Ship Church is the only remaining 17th century Puritan meeting house in New England. The meetinghouse derives its name from the roof and ceiling rafters which resemble an upside-down ship's hull. Many of the builders were ship carpenters, and the form was common throughout East Anglia, England, the home of many of the town's earliest settlers. The town boasts a wide assortment of eighteenth century and nineteenth century homes. Many of these may be found in the six historic districts set aside by the town of Hingham.

Hingham was originally part of Suffolk County, and when the southern part of the county was set off as Norfolk County in 1793, it included the towns of Hingham and Hull. In 1803 those towns opted out of Norfolk County and became part of Plymouth County.[10]

In 1889, a wealthy Hingham resident, John Brewer, commissioned Frederick Law Olmsted to design a residential subdivision on a peninsula Brewer owned adjacent to Hingham Harbor. While Olmsted's tree-lined horse-cart paths were made, the residential buildings were never constructed. After World War II, Hingham was unsuccessful in its bid to have Brewer's peninsula used as the site of the planned United Nations Secretariat building. In later years the site was also considered for a nuclear power plant. In the 1960s, to prevent eventual development, townspeople organized an effort to preserve the peninsula as open space. Today this natural conservation land is called World's End and is maintained by The Trustees of Reservations.

[edit] Hingham's contribution in the World Wars

From 1903 until 1961, The Hingham Naval Ammunition Depot (originally called the Hingham Naval Reserve) was a major supplier of U.S munitions, occupying 990 acres (4.0 km²) on the Weymouth Back River (in the section once known as The Hockley). Most of the munitions used in the European front in World War II were created at the depot. At peak capacity in 1945, over 2,400 civilians and military personnel worked there. In the mid 1950s, the site contained over 90 buildings, its own telephone exchange, and 15 cranes. The base was decommissioned in 1961, though the Navy held on to the property until 1971, when it was turned over to the town of Hingham. Today much of the site is now occupied by the town's Bare Cove Park.

Hingham was also the location of a 97 acre shipyard set up as an adjunct to the Fore River Shipyard in nearby Quincy, operated for some 39 months during the Second World War. The facility employed approximately 23,500 workers and produced some 75 destroyer escorts (DEs), 17 high speed transports (APDs), 95 tank landing ships (LSTs), 40 landing craft (LCIs), for a total of 227 vessels. These smaller, relatively simple ships played a vital role in the U.S. victory, and were built in record time. One DE was launched just 23 days after keel-laying, and in one 50-hour span a total of 5 LSTs were delivered. The steel mill erected on the site (used later as a General Services Administration warehouse) was the largest single-story building in New England, at 1,000 feet (300 m). (A twin building was demolished in the 1980s.) After the war, the complex became an industrial park. By the 1970s, the complex had fallen into disuse. It is currently used as a commuter boat terminal and parking area. Most of the buildings have now been demolished to pave the way for a new multi-use marina, condominium, and retail complex that is to be constructed over the next five to ten years.

[edit] "The Main Street of America"

Hingham Center in c. 1912
Hingham Center in c. 1912

During World War II, Eleanor Roosevelt authored a book entitled This is America, which used Hingham as an embodiment of the typical American town in wartime. As part of her visit researching the book she toured Hingham's Main Street, with its stately eighteenth and nineteenth century houses and, at the time, a canopy of elm trees. Mrs. Roosevelt later concluded in the book that "[t]his is the most beautiful Main Street in America." Today Main Street looks much as it did then, though the elm canopy has mostly fallen victim to the ravages of Dutch Elm disease.

In January 2007, the town carried out a long-discussed plan to put up the first set of traffic lights along Main Street, intended to improve safety at the intersection with Free and High Streets. Those street lights ended up being put up on Free and High Streets, making it easier for cars to cross, but causing traffic to back up along Main Street. Since then, there have been no accidents at the intersection.[11]

[edit] Current development

While strongly rooted in America's colonial past, Hingham has seen a wave of development in the past ten years. Real-estate development pressure in Hingham is likely spurred by several factors: the town's close proximity to Boston; its high-quality public education; its relatively unspoiled historic character, and expanding availability of public transportation to Boston, by MBTA bus, commuter ferry, and commuter rail.

Recent development includes the Conservatory Park residential subdivision and the Black Rock residential subdivision (a gated community, golf course, and private club). Another gated community for senior citizens, Linden Ponds, has been constructed in the southern part of Hingham. A second private golf club and residential community is nearing completion. Both golf clubs were developed on Hingham's western border with neighboring Weymouth, in areas that had previously been woodland or quarry. Brandon Woods, an exclusive neighborhood of large homes starting at around $1,000,000, was also built off Charles Street in the early 2000s.

The old shipyard is being converted into an upscale condo community including a movie theatre and stores with starting prices around $1,000,000. Next to the current Beal's Cove condo community is the new Backriver townhomes community, with buildings including three units per building, which sell starting in the $700,000's. Baker's Hill is now home to the Christina Estates. There is also another 55+ community called Ridgewood Crossing off French Street, which includes upscale free-standing condos for 'active adults.' A street is also being built off Fresh River Ave on the Weymouth border called Steven's Way. Another street off Gardner Street is being built with large houses around $1,500,000.

Hingham's recent and future projected growth have led its school board to conclude that additional educational resources must be constructed for the town's expanding student population. The state has approved the construction of a fourth elementary school on the site of the former East School. The town has recently voted to spend appox. 7 million for renovations and repairs to the Foster and Plymouth River elementary schools.

[edit] Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 25.0 square miles (64.9 km²), of which, 22.5 square miles (58.2 km²) of it is land and 2.6 square miles (6.7 km²) of it (10.26%) is water. Hingham is bordered on the east by Cohasset, and Scituate, on the south by Norwell and Rockland, on the west by Weymouth, and on the north by Boston Harbor, Hingham Bay and Hull. Cohasset and Weymouth are in Norfolk County; the other towns, like Hingham itself, are in Plymouth County. Hingham is fourteen miles (21 km) southeast of downtown Boston.

Hingham lies along the southwest corner of Boston Harbor, at the portion known as Hingham Bay. The bay leads to a harbor, which cuts a "u"- shaped indentation into the northern shore of the town. The town is separated from Hull by the Weir River and its tributary, which leads to the Straits Pond. The northern third of the town's border with Weymouth consists of the Weymouth Back River, which empties out into Hingham Bay. There are several other small ponds and brooks throughout town. The town also has several forests and parks, the largest of which, Wompatuck State Park, spreads into the neighboring towns of Cohasset, Scituate and Norwell. There are also several conservation areas through out town, including the World's End Reservation, which juts out into the bay. There is a marina along the mouth of the Weymouth Back River, and a public beach along the harbor.

[edit] Demographics

Second Parish Church, Hingham, Massachusetts
Second Parish Church, Hingham, Massachusetts

As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 19,882 people, 7,189 households, and 5,478 families residing in the town. The population density was 884.8 people per square mile (341.6/km²). There were 7,368 housing units at an average density of 327.9/sq mi (126.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, .40% Black or African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.75% of the population.

There were 7,189 households out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 21.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the town the population was spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $83,018, and the median income for a family was $98,598. Males had a median income of $66,802 versus $41,370 for females. The per capita income for the town was $41,703. About 2.4% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Government

On the national level, Hingham is a part of Massachusetts's 10th congressional district, and is currently represented by Bill Delahunt. The state's senior (Class I) member of the United States Senate, re-elected in 2006, is Ted Kennedy. The junior (Class II) Senator, up for re-election in 2008, is John Kerry.

On the state level, Hingham is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives as a part of the Third Plymouth district, by Garrett Bradley. The district also includes Cohasset, Hull and North Scituate. The town is represented in the Massachusetts Senate as a part of the Plymouth and Norfolk district, by Robert Hedlund. The district also includes the towns of Cohasset, Duxbury, Hull, Marshfield, Norwell, Scituate and Weymouth.[13] The town is patrolled on a secondary basis by the First (Norwell) Barracks of Troop D of the Massachusetts State Police.[14]

Hingham is governed on the local level by the open town meeting form of government, and is led by a town administrator and a three-member board of selectmen. The town hall is located in the former Central Junior High School building, which it moved into in 1995. The town has its own police and fire departments, with a central police station next to the town hall and fire houses located near the town common, in West Hingham, and in South Hingham. The town's nearest hospital is South Shore Hospital in Weymouth, where all emergency calls are sent. There are two post offices in town, one in downtown Hingham on North Street and another in South Hingham right on Route 53. The town's public library is located on Leavitt Street in Centre Hingham, and is part of the Old Colony Library Network.

[edit] Education

Hingham operates its own school system for the town's approximately 3,800 students. There are three elementary schools (Plymouth River, South and William L. Foster) which serve students from kindergarten through fifth grade (the South Elementary School also has pre-kindergarten classes). There is an independent private preschool located at the South Shore Conservatory, as well as Wilder Memorial Nursery School on Main Street. The Hingham Middle School is located in South Hingham, and serves students from sixth to eighth grades. Prior to 1989, this building was the South Junior High; however, it merged with Central Junior High to make a single, centralized school. The Central Junior High School building is no longer used for classes and was renovated to house all the town's offices and the police department.

Hingham High School is located near Hingham Center, and serves students from ninth to twelfth grades. The school's teams are known as the Harbormen (and Harborwomen), and their colors are red and white. The teams compete in the Patriot League, and their chief rivals are nearby Scituate High and Duxbury High.

In addition to the town's public schools, Hingham is home to four private schools. Saint Paul's School is a Catholic school, and Derby Academy is an independent private school. Both serve elementary and middle school aged students. The town is also home to Notre Dame Academy, a Roman Catholic women's high school. Hingham is also home to Old Colony Montessori School, a private special education school. Additionally, there are more private schools in Weymouth, Milton, Braintree, and other towns which also serve students from Hingham.

[edit] Transportation

A small portion of Route 3 passes through the southwest corner of town, with one exit in town and another at Route 228 just south of the town line. Routes 3A and 53 also cross through the town, the latter mirroring the path of Route 3. Route 228 passes from north to south in town; the rest all pass from west to east.

Public transportation is currently served by the commuter boat service at the Hingham Shipyard, and the MBTA's Bus Route 220, with Route 222 also passing through a small section of town. Commuter rail has been restored along the Greenbush Line through Hingham. Trains stop at two stations in town; West Hingham and Nantasket Junction. As part of the MBTA's agreement to restore train service, a tunnel has been built to carry the commuter trains under historic Hingham Square. There were disputes in Hingham about whether to allow the train to pass through the town. Some people felt that Hingham is becoming less like a town and more like a small city. Others felt that the line will benefit the town. There is no air service in the town; the nearest airport is Logan International Airport in Boston.

[edit] Notable residents

Hingham's most famous line of citizens are from two unrelated families named Lincoln that came to Massachusetts from England in the seventeenth century — one from Hingham[15] and the other from Swanton Morley,[16] both in Norfolk County in England. A bridge in Hingham over Route 3, the Southeast Expressway, is named after Revolutionary War hero General Benjamin Lincoln of the Swanton branch. General Lincoln is most remembered for accepting Cornwallis's sword of surrender at the Battle of Yorktown. The most famous Lincoln descendant however, who did not actually live in Hingham, is United States President and Civil War Commander-in-Chief Abraham Lincoln of the Hingham branch. A bronze statue, a replica of the famous sitting Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. sits at the foot of Lincoln Street at North Street. Native son Isaac Sprague was the best-known American botanical illustrator in the 1800s. John F. Andrew was a United States Congressman in the 19th century.[17]

[edit] References

  1. ^ The first settlers of Hingham, Historical Collections: Being a General Collection of Interesting Facts, John Warner Barber, published by Warren Lazell, Worcester, 1844
  2. ^ Hingham: Norfolk's undiscovered Georgian gem..... Retrieved on 2007-10-21.
  3. ^ History of the Town of Hingham, Thomas Tracy Bouve, Published by the Town, Hingham, 1893
  4. ^ Historic Homes and Places and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, William Richard Cutter, 1908
  5. ^ Daniel Cushing was married to the daughter of Edward Gilman, Sr., who had initially settled in Hingham before moving to Exeter, New Hampshire, The will of Edward Gilman Sr., Exeter, The Essex Antiquarian, Sidney Perley, 1897
  6. ^ The Genealogy of the Cushing Family, Lemuel Cushing, 1877
  7. ^ History of the Town of Hingham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Solomon Lincoln Jr., Hingham, 1827
  8. ^ The Early Life of Abraham Lincoln: Containing Many Unpublished Documents and Unpublished Reminiscences of Lincoln's Early Friends, Ida Tarbell, 1896
  9. ^ The Ancestry of Abraham Lincoln, James Henry Lea, John Robert Hutchinson, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1909
  10. ^ Information and Historical Data on Cities, Towns and Counties in Massachusetts. Secretary of the Commonwealth. Retrieved on 2007-10-21.
  11. ^ [1]
  12. ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
  13. ^ Index of Legislative Representation by City and Town, from Mass.gov
  14. ^ Station D-1, SP Norwell
  15. ^ Pedigree chart for John Lincoln (1716–1788)
  16. ^ Pedigree chart for Benjamin Lincoln (1643–1700)
  17. ^ (1967) Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896. Marquis Who's Who. 

[edit] External links

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