Hindustan Ambassador
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Hindustan Ambassador (Avigo) | |
|---|---|
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| Manufacturer | Hindustan Motors |
| Production | 1958– |
| Body style(s) | 4-door sedan |
| Platform | FR |
The Hindustan Ambassador is a model of car manufactured by Hindustan Motors of India. It has been in production since 1957 and is based on the Morris Oxford model first made by the Morris Motor Company at Cowley, Oxford in the United Kingdom.
Despite its British origins, the Ambassador is considered the definitive Indian car. This car made by Hindustan Motors at its Uttarpara plant [1] near Kolkata (Calcutta) was once considered India's national car as it was perceived to be best suited to the harsh Indian terrain. It used to be the preferred means of conveyance of India's political leadership before they moved onto SUVs and luxury cars.
An Ambassador used to be the Prime Minister's vehicle until 2002. The then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee exchanged it for a BMW sedan (which has continued since).
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[edit] Origins
When the Birlas wanted a new model to replace their already old Hindustan models, they scouted for the then-new Morris Oxford Series III. The car initially came with a side valve engine but was later improved to an overhead valve engine. Also the car at that point was quite an innovation with a semi-monocoque chassis, which is why it is spacious inside.
Hindustan Motors Limited (HML), India's pioneering automobile manufacturing company and Flagship Company of the C.K. Birla Group was established just before Indian independence, in 1942 by Mr. B.M. Birla of the industrious Birla family, commencing operations in a small assembly plant in Port Okha near Gujarat,
[edit] Evolution
The Amby, as it is affectionately called, has been in continuous production since its inception, with very few changes to its frame.
In 1948, Hindustan Motors shifted its assembly plant from Port Okha in Gujarat to Uttarpara in West Bengal's Hooghly district and strengthened its manufacturing capacity in the automobile segment.
The 1954 Morris Oxford series II was license-built at Uttarpara, (Hooghly dist.), three years after its debut in England and labelled as the 1957 Hindusthan Landmaster. It had a rounded rear squab and a curvaceous sloping hood.
Engaged in the manufacture of the Ambassador, Contessa and utility vehicles like the Trekker, Porter and Pushpak, the plant also has to its credit, many innovations and improvements in the automobile industry in India. Hindustan Motors is the only manufacturing facility in the world to manufacture parts for Bedford trucks currently.
[edit] Ambassador Mark I to Mark IV
In 1957 all the tooling of the British Morris Oxford Series III was transferred to India. The car was renamed the Ambassador and series-production started in 1958.
Styling changes from the Morris Oxford series II (Landmaster) to Morris Oxford series III (Ambassador) included deep headlamp cowls and small rear wing "tail fins" -- all the rage in 1956. The dashboard and steering wheel were completely redesigned. The Landmaster's flat-plane two spoke steering wheel gave way to a stylish dished steering wheel with three spokes made-up of four wires per spoke, for the Ambassador.
Also a new, dimpled hood debuted. All subsequent models in this series were named Ambassador, Mark II, Mark III, Mark IV, etc.,.
In the 1960s, it underwent a minor frontal facelift with a closely chequered grill and was named as the Ambassador Mark II.
Like with other British designed Mark cars, while there was never really any Ambassador Mark I, the arrival of the Mark II got people calling the older model, Mark I.
In 1975, another minor facelift to the same grille and a much bigger frontal facelift was turned out as the Mark III, the most popular face of the Ambassador. The Mark IV was the last of the Mark cars. Further on, it was renamed Ambassador Nova.
[edit] Ambassador 1800 ISZ
In an attempt to increase its appeal, another version was released. Dubbed the Ambassador 1800 ISZ, this model featured a 1800cc Isuzu engine, and also had the option of bucket seats, as opposed to the earlier bench seats. Also, the entire dashboard was redesigned. Instrumentation panels were shifted from the centre of the dashboard to the right, behind the steering wheel. Seat belts became mandatory.
[edit] Avigo
Its most radical revision, a part of a brand revitalization kicked off in the middle of 2003, was the Avigo (a break from the Ambassador marque indicating a different marketing strategy), launched in the summer of 2004. The revitalization consisted of the Ambassador Classic of mid-2003, the Ambassador Grand of late-2003, and the aforementioned Avigo, designed by Manvindra Singh. Car enthusiasts, however see this as a desperate attempt to claw back the dwindling market share. Notable influences on the new design include the new Mini, and even the Porsche 356. However, the most overpowering influence on the front and bonnet has been that of the original Landmaster series (also based on Morris Oxford). The rear of the car has been left untouched, and this leads some to feel that the car is not really different from an Ambassador. Retro-car enthusiasts would have preferred a rounded back (without the small fins), while as a current car, the regular-look Ambassador is very good itself. The Avigo, however, has much more classic-touch internals, like a centrally mounted console (like the Mark IV models), beige colored seats and wood-grain interiors.
[edit] Engines
In the early 1990s, the old petrol engine was replaced in favour of an Isuzu 1.8 litre engine and became the fastest production car in India, beating Fiats, and the Maruti Udyog cars at that time. The engines currently available are a 75 bhp petrol engine and a 80 bhp (59.8 kW) Isuzu turbocharged and intercooled diesel engine.
[edit] Extended version
Many local customisers offer stretched versions, though they are not very popular.
[edit] Customized version
- see Ambierod
[edit] UK imports
The car was briefly imported to the United Kingdom in 1993 (as the Fullbore Mark 10) in a disastrous attempt to bring the Ambassador "home." The cars were retrofitted with a heater and seat belts in order to comply with European safety legislation, but only a tiny number were ever sold, and the importer went into liquidation. Despite this failure, from 2002 the Ambassador has again been available new in the UK from an importer in Wales called Merlin Garages, and has received favourable comment from the classic car media.
[edit] External links
- Official Hindustan Motors website on the Ambassador models
- Wales Trade
- Austin facts - Hindustan Ambassador
- Racing in Ambassadors
- Merlin Garages
