Hina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- This article is about the Polynesian goddess. For the plant, see Henna. For the anime series, see Love Hina. For the anime character, see Hina (One Piece).
Hina (literally “girl”) is the name of several different goddesses and women in Polynesian mythology. In some traditions, the trickster and culture hero Maui has a wife named Hina, as do the gods Tane and Tangaroa.[1] Hina is often associated with the moon[2] and with death and rebirth.
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[edit] New Zealand
Tuna-roa, the father of all eels, lived in a swamp near Maui’s home. Maui’s wife, Hina, visited the swamp daily to fill her calabash with water. One day, as Hina was filling her calabash, the eel-god leaped from the water and raped her. When the same thing happened the next day, she tells Maui about it.
Maui dug a deep ditch linking the swamp to the sea and stretched a net across the ditch. When rain came, the swamp overflowed into the ditch, washing Tuna-roa into the meshes of the net. Maui cut off Tuna-roa’s head, which washed out to sea, and cut the eel-god’s tail into many pieces.
The eel-god’s head became a fish; his tail became the conger eel; and the tiny pieces of it became fresh-water eels. Thus, Tuna-roa gave rise to all eels.[3]
[edit] Mangaia
A girl named Hina-moe-aitu (“Hina-sleeping-with-a-god”) liked to bathe in a certain pool that housed many eels. One day, as she was bathing, a giant eel slid between her legs. This happened many times, and Hina permitted it. Then, one day, as Hina was bathing, the eel transformed into a young man. Hina took him as her lover. His name was Tuna.
After they had been together for a while, one day Tuna told Hina that there would be a great downpour the next day. He would be washed up onto the threshold of her house in his eel-form. When that happened, Tuna said, Hina must cut off his head and bury it, and then regularly visit the place where the head had been buried.
Hina obeyed Tuna, returning faithfully to watch the place where she had buried his head. After many days, she saw a shoot sprout from the spot. Another shoot appeared, and the two shoots grew into a pair of coconut trees—the first coconut trees known to man.
The Mangaians call the coconut’s white flesh “Tuna’s brains”, and they claim that you can see a face when you look at the shell of a coconut.[4]
[edit] Tuamotu and Tahiti
For a time, the goddess Hina lived as the wife of Te Tuna, the god of eels. But she grew tired of him and decided to seek love elsewhere. Telling Tuna that she going to get him some delicious food, Hina left him and went onto land.
Hina went from place to place, seeking a lover. But all the men she met were afraid to take Tuna’s wife, fearing the eel-god’s vengeance. Finally she met Maui, whose mother Hua-hega urged him to take the goddess as his wife.
When the people round about learned that Maui had taken Hina as his wife, they went to tell Tuna. At first, Tuna didn’t care, but the people annoyed him about it so much that he eventually vowed to win back his wife from Maui.
Along with four companions, Tuna rushed toward Maui’s home, carried by a huge wave. But Maui’s power turned back the wave and left Tuna and his companions beached on the reefs. Maui killed three of Tuna’s companions, while one escaped with a broken leg. Tuna himself Maui spared.
Tuna actually lived in peace in Maui’s home for some time. But one day, Tuna challenged Maui to a duel. Each would take a turn leaping into the others’ body and trying to kill him. If Tuna killed Maui, then Tuna would take his wife back. Tuna’s turn came first: he made himself small and entered Maui’s body. When he came back out, Maui was intact. Now it was Maui’s turn: Maui made himself small and entered Tuna’s body, tearing it apart. Maui cut off Tuna’s head and, at his mother’s suggestion, buried it in a corner of his house.
In time, a shoot sprouted from Tuna’s buried head and grew into a coconut tree. That was how humankind acquired coconuts.[5]
[edit] Hawaii
Many stories about the goddess Hina, especially in connection with the moon, can be found in chapter 15 (“Hina Myths”) of Martha Beckwith’s Hawaiian Mythology.[6]
Hina is mostly described as a very attractive young woman pursued by men and other creatures. Hina, after being abused by her demanding husband, flees to the moon and eventually becomes goddess of it.[citation needed]
[edit] Hina in literature
Richard Adams has written a poem retelling the Tahitian story of Hina and Tuna, published as a book, The Legend of Te Tuna.
Also, Hina's name (respelled 'Ina') has been used in the field of human mitochondrial genetics to designate those people who's mitochondrial DNA falls into Haplogroup B as 'Clan Ina'. Said people are primarily found today in East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands (especially the Polynesian Islands), and among Native Americans living along the Pacific Coasts of both continents, but only as far north as Vancouver Island in North America. This MtDNA Haplogroup is estimated to be some 40,000 to 60,000 years old. [7]
