Higher education in Prince Edward Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Higher education in Prince Edward Island (also referred to as postsecondary education) refers to education provided by higher education institutions in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. In Canada, education is the responsibility of the provinces and there is no Canadian federal ministry governing education. Prince Edward Island has one university authorized to grant degrees and one community college, Holland College, that operates centres across the province including: the Culinary Institute of Canada, the Justice Institute of Canada, the Marine Centre, the Aerospace Centre, the Atlantic Tourism and Hospitality Institute and the Prince Edward Island Institute of Adult and Community Education.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Quick facts
- Governing body for education in Prince Edward Island: Department of Education and Early Childhood Development
- Minister of Education: Hon. Gerard Greenan
- Deputy Minister of Education: Shauna Sullivan Curley, Q.C.
- Public Chartered Universities: University of Prince Edward Island
- Other Publicly-funded Institutions: Holland College, Societé Educative de I'lle-du-Prince-Eduoard
- Average undergraduate tuition fees for domestic residents: $4,440 [2]
- Average graduate tuition fees for domestic residents: $2,750 [3]
[edit] Chronology
| Year | Event | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| 1804 | Lieutenant-Governor Edmund Fanning donates two blocks of his personal property to the Crown to establish an educational institution | Foundation of higher education in the colony |
| 1821 | Kent College School, or the National School as it was more commonly know, opens in Charlottetown and operates until the mid 1800s. | It was the first public school in the Colony. |
| 1825 | First official legislation was passed by the local assembly to foster higher education | The Act for the Encouragement of Education in the Different Counties and Districts of the Island was the first of a series of education acts developed to establish a Government-supported public university and a Roman Catholic diocesan institution |
| 1831 | St. Andrew's College was founded | Although it was a Seminary school established to train men for the priesthood, students of all religious backgrounds were welcomed to attend |
| 1834 | Central Academy was established | It was the predecessor of Prince of Wales College |
| 1852 | Education Act of 1852 | The first free education act in the British Dominions. The government established that it would pay the salaries of teachers and provide direction to the school districts |
| 1855 | St. Dunstan's College was founded | It was the predecessor of St. Dunstan's University |
| 1856 | The Normal School opens | First training institute for teachers in the colony |
| 1860 | Central Academy upgraded and renamed Prince of Wales Academy | Renamed in honour of the visit of King Edward VII |
| 1864 | Charlottetown Conference | Representatives from the British North America colonies - Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and the Province of Canada - gather to discuss Confederation |
| 1873 | Prince Edward Island enters confederation on July 1st | Formation of the Dominion of Canada |
| 1901 | 40% of the Prince Edward Island provincial budget was assigned to education | Education policy in PEI at this time was considered more advanced than in Britain |
| 1905 | Following Macdonald Consolidated Schools openings in Nova Scotia, Ontario and New Brunswick in 1903, a Macdonald Consolidated School opened in Mt. Herbert, PEI | Reflection of the call for educational reform in the province; growing consensus that more agricultural education was needed |
| 1914 | Britain declares war on Germany | Canada is automatically included as foreign affairs are controlled by Britain |
| 1916 | Honourary Advisory Council on Scientific and Industrial Research established | Forerunner of the National Research Council, its proclaimed goal was to improve the economy and lives of Canadians through scientific research |
| 1918 | Germany surrenders and armistice is signed in France | End of World War I |
| 1919 | Dominion Government voted $10,000,000 for the support of technical education as part of the postwar rehabilitation measure | As a result, the Prince Edward Island Agricultural and Technical School was founded |
| 1925 | Prince Edward Island Agricultural and Technical School ceases operation | Would lead to shortage in highly skilled workers |
| 1939 | Hitler orders invasion of Poland | Canada declares war on Germany |
| 1939 | Dominion-Provincial Student Aid Program created | It was the first federally-funded student loan program accessible to university students in Canada and was controversial because under the British North America Act, education is the responsibility of the provinces |
| 1944 | Germany surrenders and armistice is signed | End of World War II; recognition that skilled workers are needed |
| 1960s | Government acknowledges serious shortage of skilled workers | Financial support for vocational and technical education and the Provincial Vocational Institute was established |
| 1965 | Provincial Legislature passed the new Prince of Wales College Act | Provides Prince of Wales College with degree-granting status |
| 1969 | PEI Legislature passes an Act calling for the amalgamation of St.Dunstan's and Prince of Wales Colleges | Incorporation of the University of Prince Edward Island |
| 1969 | Holland College, a public community college created to provide programs in applied arts and technology, vocational training and adult education, is opened by an Act of the PEI Legislature | Provides new postsecondary educational choices to PEI residents |
| 1974 | Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission(MPHEC)is created | Goal is to assist Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and their institutions in attaining a more efficient and effective utilization and allocation of higher education resources |
| 1986 | Atlantic Veterinary College opens at University of Prince Edward Island | It is the only veterinary college in the Maritimes |
| 1992 | Societé Educative de I'lle-du-Prince-Eduoard opens | It is the first Francophone post-secondary institution in Prince Edward Island. Its purpose is to serve as a French Training Centre in partnership with Le College de l'Acadie, Nouvelle-Ecosse and l'Universite de Moncton, Nouveau-Brunswick |
| 1995 | University of Prince Edward Island commits to recognizing credits of first and second year courses earned at other Canadian universities | Significantly improves accessibility for students from Holland College to transfer to a university program at UPEI in tandem with improving accessibility for out of province students to transfer to the university |
| 2000 | Atlantic Community College Consortium (ACCC) signs Memorandum of Understanding on College Transfer Credit | Ensures student mobility and facilitates lifelong learning |
| 2004 | Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission Act is passed |
[edit] History
[edit] History Pre-1900
The government of the Crown Colony of Prince Edward Island identified post-secondary (or higher) education as being necessary to ensure the success of regional industry, specifically fishing, agriculture and commerce as early as 1790. The concept of public education was a new one to Charlottetown, the colony's main settlement with a population of approximately 400 people. Until this time, those who were sufficiently affluent sent their children abroad to study; those parents who could not afford a private education schooled their children themselves in the basic fundamentals of reading, writing and arithmetic.[4]
Higher education in Prince Edward Island pre-dates Confederation by almost seven decades. In 1804 then Lieutenant-Governor, Edmund Fanning, donated two blocks of his personal property to the Crown to establish an educational institution “for the purpose of laying the foundation of a College for the education of youth in the learned languages, the arts and sciences, and all the branches of useful and polite literature.” [5] The Council government of the time, with the permission of the Crown, established itself as the Board for a newly established college and set aside an additional ten town lots and earmarked taxes to be spent on constructing a public school and hiring the needed personnel to run the institution. It was not until close to two decades later that the new institution, named Kent College School after HRH Prince Edward, Duke of Kent began construction. The construction of Kent College School, or the National School as it was more commonly known, was completed in 1820 and began operation in 1821.[6]
Education policy evolved over in time in Prince Edward Island and it was not until 1825 that the first official legislation was passed by the local assembly to foster higher education. The Act for the Encouragement of Education in the Different Counties and Districts of the Island was the first of a series of education acts developed to establish a Government-supported public university and a Roman Catholic diocesan institution. Religion played an important role in the development of higher education on the Island; St. Andrew's College was a Catholic Seminary that opened in 1831 under the leadership of Bishop Angus MacEachern. The purpose of the new college was to train local young men for the priesthood as Charlottetown was constituted a separate diocese, so it could no longer look to employ clergymen from Britain and Europe. Although it was a Catholic institution, it was open to students of all faiths and only Catholic students had to attend religious services.[7]
In 1834, the Central Academy was founded by Royal Charter of King William IV as a training institution to keep up with the demand for teachers as a result of the expansion in population. Reverend Charles Lloyd, an Anglican minister, was appointed Principal when the first class commenced in 1836. In 1860, the Academy was renamed Prince of Wales College in honour of a visit of the future King Edward VII. With the opening of the Central Academy and St. Andrew's College, the island had two government-supported institutions of higher education firmly established in the region.[8]
The Education Act passed in 1852 was in response for a desire of providing free education. The significance of this act was that it was not only the forerunner of establishing school districts, but that it also established that the Colonial government would pay the salaries of teachers. At the time of its enactment, it enabled greater access to free education than was available in Britain.[9]
In 1854, Saint Dunstan's University (SDU) was founded by the Roman Catholic diocese of Charlottetown as a seminary but by the mid-20th century had expanded into a small Liberal Arts university. From 1890 to 1917, SDU had partnered with Laval University in Quebec and awarded joint degrees. This partnership remained in tact until 1956 despite SDU receiving a degree-granting charter of its own from the provincial legislature in 1917, however, it did not award its first bachelor degrees until the spring 1941 convocation.[10]
[edit] Access
[edit] Participation
Participation in postsecondary education in the Maritimes is higher than the national average, with approximately a 30% participation rate in Prince Edward Island (PEI) while Canada as a whole hovers around 20-26%. However, the population of 18-24 year olds in PEI and the rest of the Maritime provinces are predicted to decline greater than the rest of Canada; undergraduate participation peaked in PEI and Nova Scotia during the 2004-2005 academic session, and in 2003-2004 in New Brunswick. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of 18-24 year olds dropped 13% in the Maritimes while the rest of Canada dropped less than 1%. Unlike the rest of the Maritime provinces, enrolment in community college education in PEI dropped from 12.6% to 11.5%, however the proportion of male students at Holland College increased from 52% to 56%.
Some of the factors leading to a decline in university participation include:
- Strong economy that encourages students to enter the labour force early
- Out-migration of students from the Maritimes [11]
Although UPEI has one of the lowest tuition rates across Canada and the lowest in the Maritimes, more students left the province to attend university than any other in the Maritimes; there was no significant distinction in the number of female versus male students leaving the province to study. [12]
The projected demographic changes are expected to heavily influence the rate of participation in postseondary education, specifically at the university level. The out-migration of the university age population (18-24) from Prince Edward Island since 1981 reached 3.6% by the year 2007.[13] It is anticipated that the demographic decline of the university age population in the Maritime provinces will be affecting enrolment as early as the fall of 2009, with an overall reducation of 10% by the year 2018.[14]
[edit] Mobility Between Institutions
The University of Prince Edward Island adheres to the Pan-Canadian Protocol on the Transferability of University Credits, which states that all course work completed by transfer students during the first two years of university study in Canada (including the final year of studies in Quebec leading to a diploma of college studies and the university transfer courses offered by community colleges and university colleges in British Columbia and Alberta) will be recognized and fully credited for the purposes of granting a degree. [15]
A variety of credit transfer, block transfer, and articulated programs have been developed between PEI postsecondary institutions and institutions within and outside of the province. For example:
- Credit Transfer: The Atlantic Tourism and Hospitality Institute has transfer arrangements with the University of Prince Edward Island; University of New Brunswick, Saint John; University of Calgary; University College of the Cariboo; and Athabasca Univeresity.
- Block Transfer: UPEI degree programs in Biology and Chemistry, along with Holland College's diploma programs in Renewable Resource Management Technology (RRMT) and Environmental Technology (ET) were identified as amenable to block transfers. Graduates of the RRMT program will receive ten credits of study toward a B.Sc., Biology degree. Graduates of the ET program will be credited with one semester of study (five credits) towards a B.Sc., Chemistry.
- Articulated Programs: UPEI and Queen Elizabeth Hospital offer the Integrated Dietetic Internship Program and the Applied B.Sc. in Radiography. Students apply for admission after completing a structured first-year program at UPEI. They spend years two and three at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the final year of study at UPEI. Students can elect to leave the program with a diploma after third year.
At the college level, the Atlantic Community College Consortium (ACCC) in 2000 signed a Memorandum of Understanding on College Transfer Credit that ensures student mobility and facilitates lifelong learning.[16]
[edit] Financial Aid
To students from low-income families and other groups that are traditionally under-represented in postsecondary education, millennium access bursaries constitute a turning point in Canadian student aid. Most public student financial assistance in Canada is allocated according to a student’s level of need, which is calculated by taking into account both the cost of their studies and their available resources. Grants are generally paid to students with the highest need. However, grants awarded on this basis do not necessarily favour students from low-income backgrounds, who often seek to limit the net cost of their education. For example, these students may have lower levels of assessed need because of decisions to study close to home, enrol in less expensive programs, and work while in school. The result is that students from low-income backgrounds often receive loans only, rather than an appropriate mix of grants and loans.[17]
The Millennium PEI Access Grant supports single, dependent, low-income students in their second year of postsecondary studies. Students who qualify for financial assistance from Prince Edward Island Student Financial Services will be automatically considered for a cash grant of $1,000.[18]
Eligible students must be enrolled full-time in the second year of college, professional college or undergraduate studies that lead to a degree, certificate or diploma.[19]
[edit] Structure
[edit] Publicly Funded Institutions
Prince Edward Island has two publicly-funded institutions: Holland College and the University of Prince Edward Island.
[edit] Holland College
Holland College is mainly a vocational school. Opened in 1969, the college has numerous centres across the province: the Culinary Institute of Canada, the Aerospace Centre, the Justice Institute of Canada, the Atlantic Tourism and Hospitality Institute (ATHI), the Marine Centre, and the PEI Institute of Adult and Community Education, among others, all enjoy strong industry and graduate endorsement.[20]
[edit] University of Prince Edward Island
The University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI), is located in the provincial
capital of Charlottetown, a city with a population of 32,000. Its predecessor institutions, Prince of Wales College and St. Dunstan's University, were almalgamated in 1969 to create UPEI. It offers undergraduate, graduate and professional programs in four faculties and two schools: Arts and Sciences, Education, Music, Engineering, Business Administration, Veterinary Medicine, and Nursing; it provides undergraduate and graduate education, professional education, and research. The Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC), located on the main campus of UPEI, offers graduate study in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. UPEI has become home to an increasing number of international students; additionally, it offers access to formal exchanges and co-op and internship programs with international partner universities.[21]
[edit] Atlantic Veterinary College
In 1986, UPEI opened the Atlantic Veterinary College, which offers the only veterinary medicine program in the Maritime provinces. The Atlantic Veterinary College and the Faculty of Science offer MSc, MVSc and PhD programs in a wide range of disciplines related to animal and human health, biology and chemistry. The School of Nursing bases its curriculum on the principles of primary health care. The Faculty of Arts offers an interdisciplinary master of arts in island studies – the first of its kind in the world. The Faculty of Education offers two-year post-degree bachelor degrees with specializations in international and Aboriginal education, French immersion and human resources development, as well as a Master of Education (MEd) in leadership in learning. A Centre for Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the School of Business Administration makes UPEI a recognized leader in business education with a focus on small business. UPEI offers a master of applied health services research in collaboration with Dalhousie University, the University of New Brunswick and Memorial University of Newfoundland.[22]
[edit] Privately Funded Institutions
The Maritime Christian College, a privately-funded religious school, is the only degree-granting institution in the province other than the University of Prince Edward Island; it is also governed the University Act.[23] Additionally, PEI has provincially-regulated private training schools, sometimes called career colleges, which offer postsecondary vocational training meant to prepare a person for employment. Private schools offer employment training in a wide range of occupations. Schools that offer career vocational training and which operate in Prince Edward Island must register under the province's Private Training School Act. There are approximately 20 private training schools registered with the province.Private schools offer employment training in a wide range of occupations. Schools are privately owned and operate as a business.[24]
[edit] Francophone Institutions
The province and la Société Éducative de I'Île-du-Prince-Édouard cooperated in the establishment of a French Training Centre on PEI, which delivers programs offered by Le Collège de l'Acadie, Nouvelle-Écosse and l'Université de Moncton, Nouveau-Brunswick, and from such other sources as it may determine. The agreement has the following objectives:
- to provide PEI francophones with access to adult education and training programs in French
- to operate an adult training centre that will provide professional development, personal interest, literacy, and general training courses in French
- to assist in community development by offering leadership and other training programs in French.[25]
[edit] Governance
The University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) was incorporated by an act of provincial legislation in 1969, however
St. Dunstan's University, the predecessor of UPEI, was founded by Royal Charter in 1855 and retains its charter to this day. Education in Canada is a constitutional responsibility of each of the provinces and as a result, there are differences from province-to-province. Both UPEI and Holland College are publicly-funded institutions but enjoy a level of institutional autonomy that enables some ability to decide on admission, tuition and governance. Rules governing UPEI are outlined in the University Act, 1969.[26]
[edit] Department of Education and Early Childhood Development
Higher Education in PEI falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development; the Department has two divisions, the Public Education Branch and the Higher Education and Corporate Services Branch. The structure of the Higher Education and Corporate Services Branch is:
- Senior Director, Higher Education and Corporate Services Branch
- Continuing Education and Training
- Finance and School Board Operations
- Technology and Learning
- Policy, Planning and Evaluation[27]
[edit] Funding
Incremental (or historical) funding is the dominant funding mechanism in Prince Edward Island. Provincial government grants have traditionally been the largest single source of revenue for postsecondary institutions. Almost half of university and college revenues in fiscal 2004/05 were in the form of provincial operating and capital grants. The most notable feature of is the dramatic decline in the proportional contribution of provincial governments to total postsecondary education revenues since 1990/91. In almost all provinces, this has coincided with significant increases in the share of revenues provided by tuition fees.[28]
Tuition for Prince Edward Island's postsecondary instutions are set by the individual institutions, in consultation with government.
[edit] References
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2004). 200 Years: 200 Years of Learning & Innovation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.gov.pe.ca/200years/
- ^ Statistics Canada. (2007). "University Tuition Fees." Retrieved May 26, 2008 from http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/071018/d071018b.htm.
- ^ Statistics Canada. (2007). "University Tuition Fees." Retrieved May 26, 2008 from http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/071018/d071018b.htm.
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2004). 200 Years: 200 Years of Learning & Innovation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.gov.pe.ca/200years/.
- ^ http://www.upei.ca/pwc/<spa.
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2004). 200 Years: 200 Years of Learning & Innovation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.gov.pe.ca/200years/.
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2004). 200 Years: 200 Years of Learning & Innovation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.gov.pe.ca/200years/.
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2004). 200 Years: 200 Years of Learning & Innovation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.gov.pe.ca/200years/.
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2004). 200 Years: 200 Years of Learning & Innovation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.gov.pe.ca/200years/.
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2004). 200 Years: 200 Years of Learning & Innovation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.gov.pe.ca/200years/.
- ^ Link text, Factors and Trends in Maritime University Enrolment from 2000-2006.
- ^ Who Stays an Who Leaves. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www2.mphec.ca/english/pdfs/TrendsV12002E.pdf
- ^ Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission. (2007). MPHEC: Trends in Maritime Higher Education. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.mphec.ca/english/trends.html
- ^ Who Stays an Who Leaves. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www2.mphec.ca/english/pdfs/TrendsV12002E.pdf
- ^ Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission. (2007). MPHEC: Trends in Maritime Higher Education. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.mphec.ca/english/trends.html
- ^ Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission. (2003). MPHEC: Provincial Postsecondary Systems and Arrangements for Credit Transfer. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from www.cmec.ca/postsec/CreditTransfer.en.pdf
- ^ Canadian Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.millenniumscholarships.ca/en/programs/access.asp
- ^ Canadian Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.millenniumscholarships.ca/en/search/index.asp?keywords=prince+edward+island
- ^ Canadian Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://www.millenniumscholarships.ca/en/search/index.asp?keywords=prince+edward+island
- ^ UNESCO. (2003). Canada (Prince Edward Island / Île-du-Prince-Édouard) - Education system. Retrieved May 20, 2008
- ^ UNESCO. (2003). Canada (Prince Edward Island / Île-du-Prince-Édouard) - Education system. Retrieved May 20, 2008
- ^ UNESCO. (2003). Canada (Prince Edward Island / Île-du-Prince-Édouard) - Education system. Retrieved May 20, 2008
- ^ University Act of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved May 20, 2008. http://www.gov.pe.ca/law/statutes/pdf/u-04.pdf
- ^ UNESCO. (2003). Canada (Prince Edward Island / Île-du-Prince-Édouard) - Education system. Retrieved May 20, 2008
- ^ UNESCO. (2003). Canada (Prince Edward Island / Île-du-Prince-Édouard) - Education system. Retrieved May 20, 2008
- ^ University Act of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved May 20, 2008. http://www.gov.pe.ca/law/statutes/pdf/u-04.pdf
- ^ Government of Prince Edward Island. (2008). Prince Edward Island: Education and Early Childhood Development / Higher Education and Corporate Services. Retrieved May 20, 2008. http://www.gov.pe.ca/education/heacs-info/index.php3
- ^ Pakravan,P. (2006). The future is not what it used to be; re-examining postsecondary funding mechanisms in Canada, the education papers.http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5313993/The-future-is-not-what.html.Retrieved May 20, 2008.
[edit] Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Access | The level of ease to gain admission to an institution, including fees, admission requirements, geographical location. |
| Admission | The acceptance to enroll at an institution. |
| Certificate | Award in recognition of academic program completion at a college. |
| Confederation | The amalgamation of territories and colonies; Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the provinces, colonies and territories of British North America. source: Wikipedia |
| Convocation | Formal ceremony where degrees are officially conferred to graduands. |
| Dean | Administrative head of an academic unit; in Canada, it usually refers to the head of a faculty or college within the university system. |
| Degree | Award in recognition of academic program completion; often referred to as a parchment, the first material it was made of in the European universities. |
| Faculty | Can denote either an academic unit within a university or a member of the tenured academic staff. |
| Graduate Student | Student studying at the Master's or Doctoral level at a university. |
| Higher Education | Education provided by universities, vocational universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges, technical or vocational colleges, and other collegian institutions that award academic degrees, such as career colleges. source: Wikipedia |
| Instructor | Teacher - can be either hired sessionally or tenured by the institution. |
| International Student | Student who does not have residency or landed immigrant status. |
| Maritimes | Region in Canada consisting of the following eastern provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island |
| Parchment | see degree |
| Participation | The act of studying at an institution |
| Postsecondary Education | see Higher Education |
| Principal | Academic head of unit used universally at all levels in the Canadian education system. |
| Private Institution | Institution that receives no funding from either the provincial and federal government. |
| Professor | In Canada, the title professor is used as a form of address for teachers at a university. There are three ranks of professorship - assistant, associate and full professor, the latter being the highest level of achievement. |
| Provost | Senior academic administrator of a university. Although the role may vary amongst institutions, in Canada the Provost usually reports to the Vice-Chancellor or President, and is responsible for overseeing the academic units of a university. |
| Public Institution | Institution that receives funding from either the provincial and federal government. |
| Regalia | The academic dress or costume worn by members of a university or college. Material, colour, hood, gown style and headwear denote the rank of the wearer. |
| Senate | Governing body of a university. |
| Tenure | In Canada, tenure is a lifetime appointment until retirement, except for dismissal with "due cause". The reason for the existence of such a privileged position is the principle of academic freedom, which holds that it is beneficial for state, society and academe in the long run if learned persons are free to examine, hold, and advance controversial views without fear of losing their jobs. source: Wikipedia |
| Tertiary Education | see Higher Education |
| Transfer Credit | Acknowledgment of course work completed at an institution other than a student's home institution. In Canada, it is not unusual for students to attend a Community College or University College for two academic years and then transfer to a university to complete a bachelor's degree. |
| Undergraduate Student | Student studying at the bachelor's level at a university. |
| University Ranking | Listings of universities and liberal arts colleges in an order determined by any combination of factors. Rankings can be based on subjectively perceived "quality," on some combination of empirical statistics, or on surveys of educators, scholars, students, prospective students, or others. Rankings are often consulted by prospective students and their parents in the university and college admissions process. source: Wikipedia |
[edit] Higher Education and Related Associations and Organizations
Higher Education and Related Associations and Organizations
[edit] Higher Education and Related Journals and Publications
Higher Education and Related Journals and Publications
