Hieracium lachenalii

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Hieracium lachenalii

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Genus: Hieracium
Species: H. lachenalii
Binomial name
Hieracium lachenalii
L.
Hieracium lachenalii distribution
Hieracium lachenalii distribution
Synonyms

Hieracium argillaceum Jordan (1849)[1]
Hieracium vulgatum Fries
Hieracium borodinianum Üksip
Hieracium deductum Sudre
Hieracium jaccardii Zahn[2]
A 1913 drawing of Common hawkweed
A 1913 drawing of Common hawkweed[1]

Hieracium lachenalii also known as Common Hawkweed or Yellow Hawkweed is a woodland perennial which makes its home in fields and on roadsides. This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from 4 inches (10 centimeters) to 36 inches (1 meter) tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to 5 inches (12 centimeters) long and taper with teeth towards the base.[3] The flower heads have only petal-bearing ligulate (ray) florets and lack non-petal bearing tubular or disc florets (eg. as seen in the center of the sunflower head),[4] each petal is a complete flower in itself, not lacking stamens.[5] Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.[4] The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance.[5]

The pale yellow flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown achenes.[3]

Contents

[edit] Common names

  • Croatian: Obična runjika
  • German: Gewöhnliches Habichtskraut, Lachenals Habichtskraut
  • English: Common Hawkweed, Yellow Hawkweed
  • French: Epervière de Lachenal
  • Italian: Sparviere comune
  • Latvian: Jakarda mauraga
  • Slovene: Lachenalova škržolica, Navadna škržolica
  • Russian: Ястребинка Жаккара[2]

[edit] Distribution and habitat

Native to most of Europe[2], Hieracium lachenalii was introduced to Newfoundland and Quebec, to New Jersey, Minnesota,[3] and to Australia.[4] It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.[6]

[edit] Europe

Republic of Adygea, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast, Austria, Republic of Bashkortostan, Belarus, Belgium, Belgorod Oblast, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bryansk Oblast, Channel Islands, Chechen Republic, Chuvashia, Republic of Croatia, Corsica, Czech Republic, Republic of Dagestan, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Republic of Hungary, Republic of Ingushetia, Ireland, Italy, Ivanovo Oblast, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Kaliningrad Oblast, Republic of Kalmykia, Kaluga Oblast, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Karelia, Kirov Oblast, Komi Republic, Kostroma Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kursk Oblast, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Principality of Liechtenstein, Lipetsk Oblast, Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, Mari El Republic, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Mordovia, Moscow Oblast, Moscow, Murmansk Oblast, Netherlands, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Norway, Novgorod Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Penza Oblast, Perm Krai, Republic of Poland, Pskov Oblast, Romania, Rostov Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Samara Oblast, San Marino, Saratov Oblast, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Smolensk Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Sweden, Switzerland, Tambov Oblast, Republic of Tatarstan, Tula Oblast, Tver Oblast, Udmurt Republic, Ukraine, Ulyanovsk Oblast, United Kingdom, Vatican City, Vladimir Oblast, Vologda Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast,[2] and Portugal.[7]

[edit] North America

Subarctic America: Greenland.[8]

Canada: British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec.[8]

United States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin.[8]

Distribution maps of Hieracium lachenalii.

[edit] Gallery

Typical growing habit.

Flowering stalks.

Bract, opening flower hairy stem.

Seed head of Hieracium.

Episyrphus balteatus and H. lachenalii petals

Female Hoverfly and H. lachenalii petals

more of the same

Aphid on H. lachenalii petals

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Natural Resources Conservation Service (2007). PLANTS Profile for Hieracium Hieracium lachenalii Common Hawkweed (HTML). The PLANTS Database. USDA, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.. Retrieved on 2007-12-15.
  2. ^ a b c d Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (June 05, 2007). Details for: Hieracium lachenalii (HTML). The Euro+Med Plantbase. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  3. ^ a b c MSU Board of Trustees, Jesse L. Saylor & Network Vista, Inc. MSUplants.com Hieracium lachenalii (HTML). http://msuplants.com/index.html. Michigan State University Department of Horticulture. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  4. ^ a b c Ian Faithfull (19/09/2007.). Hawkweeds: State Prohibited Weed (HTML). Information Notes Series. Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  5. ^ a b Mrs. M. Grieve (1933). Hawkweed, Wood (HTML). A Modern Herbal. Botanical.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  6. ^ Paul Slichter. Common Hawkweed (HTML). Wildflowers of the Genus Hieracium:Hawkweeds of the Columbia River Gorge. Retrieved on 2007-12-21. “Common hawkweed may be found in disturbed soils.”
  7. ^ Joaquim Alves Gaspar. Joaquim Alves Gaspar/Flowers (HTML). Gallery of Flowers. Retrieved on 2007-12-28.
  8. ^ a b c Germplasm Resources Information Network. Taxon: Hieracium lachenalii C. C. Gmel. (HTML). (GRIN) Online Database. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.

[edit] External links