Hieraaetus

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Hawk-eagles

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Genus:	"Hieraaetus" (see text) Kaup, 1844

Species

See text

The genus Hieraaetus, sometimes known as hawk-eagles, denoted a group of smallish eagles usually placed in the Buteoninae subfamily of accipitrids.

At present, 3 species of medium-sized birds of prey inhabiting Africa and New Guinea are retained in this group. These are:

African Hawk-eagle, "Hieraaetus" spilogaster
New Guinea Hawk-eagle, "Hieraaetus" weiskei
Ayres's Hawk-eagle, "Hieraaetus" ayresii

The Booted Eagle (formerly Hieraaetus pennatus), Bonelli's Eagle (formerly H. fasciatus), the Little Eagle (formerly H. morphnoides) and the Rufous-bellied Eagle (formerly H. kienerii) have been determined by recent genetic research to be closer to the true eagles of the genus Aquila rather than to their traditional group.

This creates a taxonomic problem: The Booted Eagle is the type species of Hieraaetus, making that name a junior synonym of Aquila. Consequently, should any hawk-eagles be retained as a distinct group, they need to get a different genus name.

Sometimes the entire genus is merged into Aquila. That the remaining 3 species are probably still not a monophyletic group is apparent by their biogeography, which would quite implausibly require that a number of relatives living between Africa and New Guinea had become extinct prehistorically without leaving any trace or descendants.

Whether the fossil "Hieraaetus" edwardsi (Middle -? Late Miocene of SW Europe) belongs to the hawk-eagles proper (if there is such a thing) or into Aquila has not been determined.

[edit] References

Bunce, M., et al. (2005) Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle. PLoS Biol 3(1): e9 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030009 HTML open-source article
Collinson, M. Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists - British Birds vol 99 (June 2006), 306-323.
Lerner, H. R. L. and D. P. Mindell (2005) Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 327-346. [1]