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[edit] Art styles
While almost all comics art is in some sense abbreviated, and also while every artist who has produced comics work brings their own individual approach to bear, some broader art styles have been identified.
The basic styles have been identified as realistic and cartoony, with a huge middle ground for which R. Fiore has coined the phrase liberal. Fiore has also expressed distaste with the terms realistic and cartoony, preferring the terms literal and freestyle, respectively.[1]
Scott McCloud has created The Big Triangle[2] as a tool for thinking about comics art. He places the realistic representation in the bottom left corner, with iconic representation, or cartoony art, in the bottom right, and a third identifier, abstraction of image, at the apex of the triangle. This allows the placement and grouping of artists by triangulation.
- The cartoony style is one which utilises comic effects and a variation of line widths as a means of expression. Characters here tend to have rounded, simplified anatomy. Noted exponents of this style are Carl Barks, Will Eisner, Ray Mullikin and Jeff Smith.[1]
- The realistic style, also referred to as the adventure style is the one developed for use within the adventure strips of the 1930s. They required a less cartoony look, focusing more on realistic anatomy and shapes, and used the illustrations found in pulp magazines as a basis.[3] This style became the basis of the superhero comic book style, since Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel originally worked Superman up for publication as an adventure strip.[4]
Another style is the Ligne claire of Hergé and many others, which uses very simplified, uniform lines.
[edit] Cribbed material
The Education of a Comics Artist Political cartoning grew from caricature. "The Ashcan School grew out of the illustrated newspapers' new style". p25
The Masses ...arguably invented the cartoon style later made canonical by The New yorker"p25
Mad developed teh cartoon style, taking in parodies of commercial art style, film conventions, magazine adverts and the comic book style itself, and condensing them down into a stylised form of expression for lampooning.
Robert Crumb, through the use of drugs, loosened his art to create a cartoony style which assimilate d the urban street style of his youth.p26 (also comic books as history p126 asserts Crumb's style as cartoony)
Neal Adams realistic style p61.
[edit] Photorealistic style
Comic Book Artist Collection Volume 3
"In illustrating Marvels, Ross breaks new ground with a style unlike anything that has ever appeared in superhero comic books, and Marvels was Ross's first major breakthrough into the genre. Ross's major artistic influences include Norman Rockwell and Edward Hopper. His photorealistic is revisionary... the reader is forced to accept his story as the way it "really happened". How to Read Superhero Comics and Why
By Geoff Klock p 81
[edit] Style related to story
"The thematic role of the primitive drawing style in Maus becomes especially evident when we compare the full-length epic to Spiegel- man's first attempt to work the Holocaust material". Comic Books As History: The Narrative Art of Jack Jackson, Art Spiegelman p.103
"you have to ask the question of what the story demands." Comic Books As History: The Narrative Art of Jack Jackson, Art Spiegelman p.77
[edit] Intro, importance of style
When we analyze comics, we consider their art style, narrative structure, and language. An Anatomy of Humor By Arthur Asa Berger p108.
[edit] Pop art
"The pop art movement of the 1960s witnessed wholesale appropriation of the forms, symbols, and style of comic art for the individual aesthetic intentions of a number of contemporary artists such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Mel Ramos, Claes Oldenberg, and Ray Yoshida, among others."
Comics as Culture
By M. Thomas Inge
[edit] Cinematic style
Uses narrative devices from film, including "close ups, chiaroscuro, point of view and dynamic editing of camera angles." Noel Sickles, Caniff, Raymond and Herge, Comics & Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics p107-8.
[edit] Comic strips
Comic strips have a simple style to avoid the focus being drawn away from the joke. Comics & Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics p201.
[edit] Morrison
Morrison adapted his Marvel Boy story to better suit the art style of his collaborator, his changes seen from issue 3 onwards. Morrison describes it as becoming "more like MTV and adverts; it's filled with all kinds of new techniques; rapid cuts, strobed lenticular panels, distressed layouts, 64 panel grids, whatever."
[edit] Homage
Bolland in The Killing Joke inserts "works by other artists from the golden and silver ages in a kind of pastiche." How to Read Superhero Comics and Why p.59
[edit] Sterrett
"Sterrett began to experiment with the visual potential of comic art and was soon incorporating in the 1920s striking patterns of abstraction much in the style of cubism and surrealism." Comics as Culture By M. Thomas Inge p.82
this "value appeared in Polly long before modern art was accepted by American art critics." The Comics By Coulton Waugh p.42
[edit] Digital art
At the moment, the most popular method of creating a comic on the screen involves drawing onto a pad or 'tablet' with an electronic pen. Comics & Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics p129.
[edit] Herriman
"The dada art movement inspired the Krazy Kat comic strip by George Heeriman." Visual Communication: Images With Messages By Paul Martin Lester p.216
"Herriman probably remained unaware of his acceptance by the Dadaists and budding Surrealists (the latter especially had much to learn from him), and he was likely only vaguely aware of their existence." Visual Communication: Images With Messages By Paul Martin Lester p.41
[edit] Rewrite
While almost all comics art is in some sense abbreviated, styles of art in comics vary from country to country and from artist to artist.[5] While the storytelling aspects evolved from Topffer, drawing styles have many roots and influences. Early comics artists drew in the style of the caricaturist, especially the political cartoonist, whose work influenced The Ashcan School.[6] The rise of newspapers in the 1910's saw the New Yorker style of cartooning take shape, initially in The Masses, a paper published between 1911 and 1917.[6] The art style itself can influence and dictate the structure of the story, for example Art Spiegelman modified his art style to better suit the story for his graphic novel Maus. Comics creator Jack Jackson has noted this dynamic, stating that "you have to ask the question of what the story demands".[7]
Comics artists have taken influence from and influenced the wider art world, with George Herriman being cited as an example of Dada art and influencing the emerging American surrealists of the early 1920s. This period also saw Cliff Sterrett absorb abstract art into his art style, alongside contemporaries Faulkner and Bud.[8]
