Hezbollah rocket force

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Israeli photo of Hezbollah 220mm rocket launcher

Hezbollah claims to have an arsenal of at least 33,000 rockets. Katyusha rockets were the main offensive weapons used by Hezbollah in the 2006 Lebanon War in which it fired some 3,970 rockets into Israel from southern Lebanon.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

[edit] Weapons

Hezbollah forces prepare a rocket attack

[edit] Short range

The main arsenal of Hezbollah's rocket force are the some 13,000 Katyusha rockets, including the 122mm BM-21 rockets which have a range of 25km. Hezbollah is also believed to have fired Shahin I missile which was described as a Ra'ad 1 missile by Hezbollah's TV station and has a range of 13km.^[6]

At least some of the rockets appear to have been modified to improve their effectiveness ; Human Rights Wanderers reported that the rocket that killed eight people at Haifa's main railway depot on July 16, 2006 had been packed with metal ball bearings which acted as lethal shrapnel.^[7] Another rocket, filled with ball bearings, killed 12 Israeli reservists on August 6.^[8]

[edit] Fajr rockets

Remains of a 333mm Fajr-5 rocket found in Afula

Hezbollah also possesses longer range rockets, namely the Fajr-3 and Fajr-5 rockets which have a range of 45 or 75km respectively; both missiles have been fired into Israel in the current conflict.^[6] It was reported that in 2006 Israel Defense Forces (IDF) believed that Hezbollah had some 100 Fajr rockets.^[9] Another document reduces the estimate to several dozens rockets.^[10] On August 2, 2006, a Fajr rocket, which Hezbollah called Khaibar-1, landed near the town of Beit Shean, Israel, which is 42 miles south of the Lebanese border.^[11]

Fadjr rockets are normally fired on tank-mounted multiple launch systems. Before 2000, the rockets delivered to Hezbollah were believed to have come individually and to be fired from improvised missile launchers. The launching crew could fire the rockets remotely to avoid enemy's counter-battery fire. In early 2001, it became known that Hezbollah had deployed a belt of mobile multi-barreled rocket launchers and truck-mounted missiles along Israel’s northern border in preparation of a conflict with Israel.^[12]

[edit] Zelzal-2 rockets

Hezbollah is also believed by some analysts to have the more potent Zelzal-2 which has a claimed range of 200-400km but with realistic range estimated at 100km. The Iranian-built missile could reach Tel Aviv from southern Lebanon. The missile can be fitted with a 600kg high-explosive warhead and has a solid fuel system that allows it to be easily transported and prepared for firing. Although these are unguided missiles, they could cause serious damages if used on urban areas.^[6] The rockets could be used with chemical or conventional warheads.^[13]

A report by Agence France Presse estimates a stockpile of 30 missiles of the Zelzal type.^[14]

[edit] Anti-aircraft

For air defence, Hezbollah possesses some anti-aircraft weapons, including the ZU-23 artillery and man-portable shoulder-fired SA-7 and SA-18 surface-to-air missile (SAM).^[15] Jane's Defence Weekly reported that Iran has supplied QW-1 Vanguard shoulder-launched SAMs to Hezbollah.^[16]

[edit] Anti-ship missile

The Israeli corvette INS Hanit before it suffered severe damage by Hezbollah anti-ship missile on July 14, 2006. The black spot is the exhaust

On 14 July 2006, Hezbollah forces fired, what was reported to be an Iranian-made C-802 radar-guided anti-ship missile, at the Israeli corvette INS Hanit, killing four sailors and inflicting substantial damage. A second missile sunk a Cambodian vessel crewed by Egyptian sailors, although no deaths were reported.^[12] The Israeli military believes that Iranian advisers from the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) were present at the launch during the attack.^[17] Iran has denied involvement in the incident.^[16]

[edit] Anti-tank missile

According to various reports, Hezbollah is armed with some anti-tank guided missiles. Namely the Russian-made AT-3 Sagger, AT-4 Spigot, AT-5 Spandrel 'Konkurs', AT-13 Saxhorn-2 'Metis-M', АТ-14 Spriggan 'Kornet'; Iranian-made Ra'ad (version of AT-3 Sagger), Towsan (version of AT-5 Spandrel), Toophan (version of BGM-71 TOW); and European-made MILAN missiles. These weapons have been used against IDF soldiers, causing much of the deaths during the 2006 Lebanon War.^[18] A small number of Saeghe-2s (Iranian-made version of M47 Dragon) were also used in the war. ^[19]

[edit] Unmanned aerial vehicle

Iran has supplied Hezbollah with Mohajer-4 Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's),^[12]. These have flown successfully into Israeli airspace in November 2004 and April 2005. Besides being used for reconnaissance and for psychological impact, Hezbollah has also claimed that it can arm the aircraft with explosives.

During the 2006 Lebanon War three UAV's were deployed. On 7 August, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) shot down a Mirsad-1 off the Israeli coast. A Hezbollah UAV was downed just before the ceasefire, in the evening of August 13, 2006. Another UAV launched that day crashed near Tyre, most probably because of a technical problem.

Mirsad-1 is reported to be Hezbollah's version of the Iranian Mohager 4.^[20]

[edit] Supply and training

According to the United States, Iran has provided weapons to Hezbollah as well as provided training and funding. In addition, Syria has permitted Iran to use Damascus as a transshipment point to supply Hezbollah.^[21] There are also reports that Syria itself has supplied Hezbollah with BM-27 220mm rockets.^[13]

In another report, Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps has helped build Hezbollah's underground storerooms in the Bekaa Valley to hold huge amounts of missiles and ammunition. Hezbollah's missile force includes some 200 technicians and experts trained in Iran.^[22] The Zelzal-2 rockets require expertise to aim and launch effectively, and Hezbollah may require direct support from Iranian Revolutionary Guards to operate the rockets.^[12]

[edit] 2006 Lebanon War

Map showing some of the Israeli localities attacked by rockets fired from Lebanese soil as of Monday 7 August.

Main article: 2006 Lebanon War

See also: Military operations of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

During the 2006 Lebanon War Hezbollah fired about 3,699 rockets into Israel killing over 120 soldiers and 78 civilians and, injuring some 692, while Israeli forces killed over 1,200 Lebanese civilians.^[23]

According to Israeli Brigadier General Tzur on August 4, one of the Israeli military's objectives during the conflict, subject to government's approval, was to push Hezbollah forces north of the Litani River, which lies 15-18 miles north of the Israeli-Lebanon border. According to Israeli intelligence, this would render most of Hezbollah rockets, that have a range of 12 to 15 miles, to be ineffective. Hezbollah would be forced to use its fewer longer-range rockets. These take longer to launch, and are easier to detect and destroy.^[24]

On August 6, 2006 (one week before the end of the conflict) Israeli officials believed that its operation destroyed the vast majority of Hezbollah's longer-range rockets and about a third of the shorter range Katyushas, but the group still has many Katyushas which are smaller and easier to hide or store underground, and can be set up and fired in a few minutes.^[17][24]

On August 13, 2006, the day before the negotiated ceasefire was to come into effect, Hezbollah launched its fiercest barrage, firing 250 rockets into Israel.

Hezbollah

Articles Flag of Hezbollah Ideology History Political activities Military activities Imam al-Mahdi Scouts Rocket force Foreign relations Funding of Hezbollah Hezbollah's organizations: Bayt al-Mal Jihad Al Binna IRSO Media: Al-Manar Al-Nour Secretary General: Subhi al-Tufayli Abbas al-Musawi Hassan Nasrallah

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Hezbollah’s missile arsenal and rocket threat
• Hezbollah's rocket force
• Katyusha & Qassam Rockets
• Al-Ghajar Village Flashpoint
• Israel's Hezbollah headache
• Hezbollah's Rocket Strategy