Heya

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See list of sumo beya for a list of sumo beya (sumo training stables).

Sumo wrestlers training in a heya

In sumo wrestling, a heya (部屋) (Japanese for "room"), usually translated into English as stable, is an organization of sumo wrestlers where they train and live. All wrestlers in professional sumo must belong to one. There are currently 53 heya (as of October 2007), all but one of which belong to one of five ichimon (groupings of heya). They vary in size, with the largest heya having over thirty wrestlers and smallest just three. Most heya are based in the Ryogoku district of Tokyo, sumo's traditional heartland, although the exorbitant price of land has led to some newer heya being built in other parts of Tokyo or its suburbs.

Most heya have a network of scouts, who may be former wrestlers themselves, friends of the head coach, or supporters of the heya, who keep a look out for any powerful or athletic young men and follow the results of local sumo (and judo) competitions. Most new recruits join at the age of 15 or 16, straight from junior high school.

A wrestler is expected to stay with the heya he joins until the end of his career. There is no transfer system in sumo. The only exception is if the coach who originally scouted him leaves to found a new heya, in which case he might be permitted to follow him.

Heya may only be set up by an oyakata or elder of the Japan Sumo Association. A heya is always named after its founding oyakata. Further oyakata may be attached to the stable. On September 27, 2006 the Sumo Association tightened the rules on opening up new stables. Now only oyakata who spent at least 25 tournaments ranked in sanyaku or 60 tournaments in the top makuuchi division may do so.

A special rule dictates that wrestlers from the same heya never fight each other in a main tournament, except in playoffs for a yūshō or divisional championship. This notably worked to the advantages of brothers Takanohana and Wakanohana in recent years, as although they both achieved the top rank of yokozuna, they never had to fight each other (one playoff bout in 1995 excepted) as they both belonged to Futagoyama-beya.

Also attached to a heya are tokoyama (hairdressers), gyōji (referees), and yobidashi (ushers).

When used as a suffix, heya is usually pronounced beya due to rendaku, e.g. the stable called Kokonoe is called Kokonoe-beya.