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In linguistics, heteronyms (also known as heterophones) are words with identical spellings but different pronunciations and meanings. They may vary in vowel realisation or in stress patterns, or both. Heteronyms are a special type of homonym – they are homographs which differ in pronunciation, and are therefore not homophones. For example, the homographs desert (abandon) and desert (arid region) are heteronyms, but mean (intend) and mean (average) are not. Most heteronyms are doubles, triple heteronyms are extremely rare; one triple (sin) is listed below. There are also heteronyms for some proper nouns. For example, Oregon is pronounced to rhyme with 'in' by residents of that state in the USA, and the village by that name in Wisconsin is pronounced to rhyme with 'on'. There are also pairs which include both initialisms and typical words, e.g., "US" and "us". Note that many of these pairs can be analyzed as initial-stress-derived nouns.
Some heteronyms are:
Heteronyms
| Spelling |
Pronun. |
PoS |
Meaning |
| alternate |
ˈɑltɚnət |
adj. |
other |
| ˈɑltɚˌneɪ̪t |
v. |
to take turns |
| appropriate |
əˈpɹoʊ̪pɹiət |
adj. |
suitable |
| əˈpɹoʊpɹiˌeɪt |
v. |
to set apart for |
| axes |
ˈæksˌiːz |
n. |
pl. of axis |
| ˈæksɨz |
n. |
pl. of axe |
| bass |
beɪ̪s |
n. |
low in pitch |
| bæs |
n. |
a fish |
| bow |
boʊ̪ |
n. |
a stringed weapon |
| baʊ̪ |
v. |
to bend in respect |
| n. |
the front of a boat or ship |
| buffet |
bəˈfeɪ̪ |
n. |
type of meal |
| ˈbʌfɨt |
v. |
to strike |
| close |
kloʊ̪z |
v. |
to obstruct |
| kloʊs |
adj. |
nearby |
| compact |
kəmˈpækt |
v. |
to compress |
| ˈkɑmpækt |
adj. |
small |
| conduct |
ˈkɑndʌkt |
n. |
action |
| kənˈdʌkt |
v. |
to lead |
| content |
'kɑntɨnt |
n. |
information |
| kən'tɛnt |
adj. |
satisfied |
| convict |
kənˈvɪkt |
v. |
to find guilty |
| ˈkɑnvɪkt |
n. |
a criminal |
| desert |
ˈdɛzɚt |
n. |
an arid region |
| dəˈzɝt |
v. |
to abandon |
| does |
doʊ̪z |
n. |
pl. of doe |
| dʌz |
v. |
form of do |
| dove |
dʌv |
n. |
a bird |
| doʊ̪v |
v. |
past tense of dive |
| entrance |
ˈɛntrəns |
n. |
doorway |
| εn'træns |
v. |
to delight |
| house |
haʊ̪s |
n. |
a residential building |
| haʊ̪z |
v. |
to dwell |
| intimate |
ˌɪntɨˈmeɪ̪t |
v. |
to suggest |
| ˈɪntɨmət |
adj. |
very close |
| invalid |
ɪnˈvælɨd |
adj. |
incorrect |
| ˈɪnvəlɪd |
n. |
a disabled person |
| laminate |
ˈlæmɨˌneɪ̪t |
v. |
to assemble from thin sheets glued together |
| ˈlæmɨˌnɪt |
n. |
material formed of thin sheets glued together |
| lead |
liːd |
v. |
to guide |
| lɛd |
n. |
the metal |
| live |
lɪv |
v. |
to be alive |
| laɪ̪v |
adj. |
having life |
| minute |
maɪ̪ˈnʲut |
adj. |
small |
| ˈmɪnət |
n. |
unit of time |
| moped |
ˈmoʊ̪ˌpɛd |
n. |
a small motorcycle |
| moʊ̪pt |
v. |
past tense of mope |
| number |
ˈnʌmbɚ |
n. |
a numeral |
| ˈnʌm.ɚ |
adj. |
more numb |
| object |
ˈɑbʤɨkt |
n. |
a thing |
| əbˈʤɛkt |
v. |
to protest |
| polish |
ˈpɑlɪʃ |
v. |
to shine |
| ˈpoʊ̪lɪʃ |
adj. |
of, from, or native to Poland |
| present |
pɹɨˈzɛnt |
v. |
to reveal |
| ˈpɹɛzənt |
n. |
a gift |
| produce |
pɹəˈdʲuːs |
v. |
to make |
| ˈpɹoʊ̪dʲus |
n. |
fruit and vegetables |
| project |
ˈpɹɑdʒɛkt |
n. |
an undertaking |
| pɹəˈdʒɛkt |
v. |
to cast an image |
| putting |
ˈpʊtɪŋ |
v. |
pr. part. of to put |
| ˈpʌtɪŋ |
v. |
pr. part. of to putt |
| read |
ɹiːd |
v. |
present tense |
| ɹɛd |
v. |
past tense |
| rebel |
ɹəˈbɛl |
v. |
to resist |
| ˈɹɛbl̩ |
n. |
one who rebels |
| record |
ˈɹɛkɚd |
n. |
physical information |
| ɹəˈkɔɹd |
v. |
to make a record |
| refuse |
ˈɹɛfjuːs |
n. |
garbage |
| ɹɨˈfjuːz |
v. |
to decline |
| resign |
ɹɨˈzaɪ̪n |
v. |
to quit |
| ɹiˈsaɪ̪n |
v. |
to sign again; re-sign |
| resume |
ɹɨˈzʲuːm |
v. |
to start again |
| ˈɹezʊˌmeɪ̪ |
n. |
curriculum vitae |
| router |
ˈrutɚ |
n. |
that which routes |
| ˈraʊ̪tɚ |
n. |
a power tool |
| row |
ɹoʊ̪ |
v. |
to paddle a boat |
| ɹaʊ̪ |
n. |
an argument |
| sake |
seɪ̪k |
n. |
the benefit |
| 'sɑːkɛ |
n. |
rice wine |
| ˈsɑːki |
| sewer |
ˈsuːwɚ |
n. |
drainage pipes |
| ˈsoʊ̪wɚ |
n. |
one who sews |
| shower |
ˈʃaʊ̪ɚ |
n. |
precipitation |
| ˈʃoʊ̪ɚ |
n. |
one who shows |
| sin |
sɪn |
n. |
a moral error |
| saɪ̪n |
n. |
abbrev. for sine |
| siːn |
n. |
Sumerian god of the moon |
| sow |
soʊ̪ |
v. |
to plant seeds |
| saʊ̪ |
n. |
a female pig |
| subject |
ˈsʌbdʒɨkt |
n. |
a topic |
| səbˈdʒɛkt |
v. |
to cause to undergo |
| tear |
tɪɹ |
n. |
liquid produced by crying |
| teɹ |
v. |
to separate |
| wind |
wɪnd |
n. |
air movement |
| waɪ̪nd |
v. |
to tighten a spring |
| wound |
waʊ̪nd |
v. |
past tense of wind |
| wuːnd |
n. |
an injury |
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