Herzogin Cecilie
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Herzogin Cecilie was a German four mast barque (Windjammer), named after German Crown Princess Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1886–1954), spouse of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1882–1951).
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[edit] History
Herzogin Cecilie was built in 1902 by Rickmers Schiffbau AG in Geestemünde for Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen. Unlike other contemporary German merchant sailing ships, the black Flying-P-Liners or the green ships of Rickmers, she was painted in white.
The tall ships of the time remained only competitive against the steamers on the longer trade routes: the Chilean Salpeterfahrt nitrate trade, carrying salpeter from Chile to Europe, and the Australian Weizenfahrt wheat trade, carrying grain from Australia to Europe. Both routes required rounding Cape Horn routinely, and were not well suited for steamers, as coal was short of supply there.
Herzogin Cecilie was one of the fastest merchant sailing ships of her time, at par with the Flying-P-Liners. The trip around Cape Horn from Portland (Oregon) to The Lizard (England) was done in 1903 in only 106 days.
At the outbreak of World War I, she was interned by Chile, returning to Germany in 1920, only to be given to France as reparation, and subsequently sold to Gustaf Erikson ((24 October 1872 - 15 August 1947) of Finland for 20.000 Dollar.
As the freight rates for salpeter had dropped after the war, Gustaf Erikson send her to bring grain from Australia. In so-called grain races, several tall ships tried to arrive first in Europe, to sell their load for a higher process, as e.g. told in The Great Tea Race of 1866, or in The Last Grain Race. Typically, ships were loaded in the Spencer Gulf area, Port Victoria, South Australia or Wallaroo, South Australia, and traveled to Europe, with ports on the British Isles like Queenstown, Ireland or Falmouth, Cornwall being considered as finish.
After "winning" prior to 1921 four times, in eleven trips from 1926 to 1936, she again won the grain race four times.[1]
In 1927, when Herzogin Cecilie covered Port Lincoln - Queenstown in 98 days, Alan Villiers was on board, which would result in his book "Falmouth for Orders", and later a trip aboard the barque Parma.
After having traveled to Falmouth in only 86 days, second fastest ever, Herzogin Cecilie, when making for Ipswich in dense fog, on 25 April 1936 grounded on Ham Stone Rock and drifted onto the cliffs of Bolt Head. After parts of the cargo was unloaded, she was floating again, only to be towed in June 1936 to Starhole (Starehole) bay at the mouth of the Kingsbridge Estuary and beached there. Soon, the waves broke her apart.
[edit] Data
- Tonnage: 3.242 GRT / 2.786 NRT
- Length: 116,0 m
- Length upper deck: 102,7 m
- Length water line: 96,0 m
- Width: 14,1 m
- Draft: 7,4 m
- highest mast: 53,5 m
- Sail area: 3.530 m²
- Crew: originally 81 men incl. cadets, 31 under Finnish flag
[edit] Literature
- Peter Pedersen & Joseph Conrad (1989). Strandung und Schiffbruch. Mit Entscheidungen der Seeämter des Deutschen Reiches. Bechtemünz Verlag: Augsburg. ISBN 3-86047-245-3
- Fred Schmidt & Dietrich Reimer (1942). Schiffe und Schicksale. Andrews & Steiner: Berlin.
- Clamp, Arthur L., The Loss of the Herzogin Cecilie on Ham Stone 25th, Plymouth
- Colton, J. Ferrell, Loss of the "Herzogin Cecilie", Sea Breezes Vol. 65 No. 536, August 1990 p. 586
- Cormack, Neil W., Herzogin Cecilie, The Flagship of the Gustaf Erikson Fleet of Mariehamn: 1921-1936, N.W. Cormack 1996, ISBN 0-646-29834-8
- Cresswell, John P., The Loss of the Herzogin Cecilie, Artscape, Cornwall 1994
- Darch, Malcolm, Herzogin Cecilie, the story of her charthouse 1936-1988. Ålands Sjöfart & Handel 5/88 s. 272-273
- Lindfors, Harald, Round The Horn In The Herzogin Cecilie In 1922, Ålands Sjöfart 2/76 s. 56-59
- McNeill, Robert B., Beatrice vs. Herzogin Cecilie, A most Curious "Race Round the Horn", New York 2001, Exxon Mobil Marine Lubricants. Volume LXXI, No. 1, 2001, of "The Compass", The Magazine of the Sea. 32 PP with b/w and colour illustrations.
- Tod, Giles M.S., Herzogin Cecilie gets in a "Breeze", Sea Breezes Vol. XIX. No. 189 August 1935
- Alan Villiers, Falmouth for Orders. The Story of the Last Clipper Ship Race around Cape Horn, Geoffrey Bles, London 1929
- Alan Villiers, The Cape Horn Grain-ship Race, Washington. 1933, National Geographic Magazine. Extract from: volume LXIII, No.1, January 1933.39 pp., with 38 b/w photos (13 on full page).
[edit] See also
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