Henrietta Island

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Henrietta Island
Geography
Location Arctic Ocean
Coordinates 77°06′N 156°30′E / 77.1, 156.5Coordinates: 77°06′N 156°30′E / 77.1, 156.5
Archipelago De Long Islands
Area 12 km²
Highest point unnamed
315 m (1,033 ft)
Administration
Flag of Russia Russia
Federal Subject Sakha Republic
Demographics
Population 0
Density 0/km²

Henrietta Island (Russian: Остров Генриетты, Ostrov Genriyetty) is one of the islands of the De Long Islands archipelago in the East Siberian Sea. It was discovered in 1881 by the Jeannette expedition under George W. DeLong. Henrietta Island is the northernmost of the group and 40% of the island is covered with glaciers. It is roughly circular in shape and its diameter is about 6 km.

Henrietta Island consists of folded Middle Paleozoic basaltic lava and proximal volcanogenic turbidites overlain by Cenozoic clastic sedimentary rocks. The Paleozoic strata have been intruded by numerous sills, dikes, and sheets of basalts, andesite-basalts, and porphyritic diorite. The basalts and porphyritic diorite have been dated by potassium–argon dating method to be about 310-450 million years old and the porphyritic diorite has been dated by the argon–argon dating method to be about 400-440 million years old. Gritstones that are part of the Cenozoic clastic sedimentary rocks contain fragments of underlying Paleozoic strata along with significantly older gneisses, granites, quartzites, and schists (Vinogradov et al. 1975, 2006, Kos'ko and Trufanov 2002).

[edit] History

American explorer and US Navy Lieutenant Commander George Washington DeLong set out in 1879 aboard the Jeannette, hoping to reach Wrangel Island and to discover open seas in the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. However, the ship entered an ice pack near Herald Island in September 1879 and became trapped. The vessel drifted several hundred miles with the ice, passing north of Wrangel Island. In May of 1881 it approached Jeannette Island and Henrietta Island. According to The Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy, for the Year 1882 (pg.16), "A sled party landed, hoisted the national ensign, and took possession in the name of the United States."[1] The excursion, led by George W. Melville, landed on June 2 or 3, constructed a cairn, and placed inside it a record of their visit.

During the 1914-15 during the Imperial Russian Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition led by Boris Vilkitsky, the Vaygach approached Jeannette Island with the intention of mapping Jeannette and Henrietta Islands, but heavy ice blocked the approach. In 1916 the Russian ambassador in London issued an official notice to the effect that the Imperial government considered Henrietta, along with other Arctic islands, integral parts of the Russian Empire. This territorial claim was later maintained by the Soviet Union.

A Soviet polar station was established on Henrietta Island in 1937, and closed in 1963. Henrietta Island served in 1979 as the starting point for a Soviet expedition to the North Pole on skis.

Some U.S. individuals assert American ownership of Henrietta Island based on the 1881 discovery and claim. A resolution of the Alaska State Senate in 1988 supported this claim. However, according to the U.S. Department of State in 2003, the U.S. government has never claimed Henrietta Island. In 1994, the Alaska State Supreme Court ruled in D. Denardo v. State of Alaska that Henrietta Island, along with several islands, is not part of Alaska.

sketch by Lt. Cmdr. George DeLong on 25 May 1881, depicting "Henrietta Island", north of Siberia.

[edit] Physical description

The sled party from the De Long expedition described Henrietta Island: "The island is a desolate rock, surmounted by a snow-cap, which feeds several discharging glaciers on its east face. Dovekies nesting in the face of the rock are the only signs of game. A little moss, some grass, and a handful of rock were brought back as trophies. The cliffs are inaccessible, because of their steepness." (DeLong journals, p. 565)

[edit] References