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The list of offseason Atlantic hurricanes includes 11 tropical or subtropical cyclones that have formed outside of the official Atlantic basin season, which is from June 1 to November 30.

Contents 1 January 2 February 3 April 4 May 5 December 6 References

[edit] January

• January 18-January 22, 1978 - A westerly trough caused the development of a surface low pressure, which developed into Subtropical Storm One. It strengthened to gale force winds due to a pressure gradient, and initially tracked west-northwest and then southwest. It soon weakened, dissipated, and opened into a trough.^[1]

[edit] February

• February 2, 1952 - A tropical storm formed in the northwest Caribbean Sea, after shortly being a tropical depression, and quickly moved northeastward. It passed over the Florida Keys and then made landfall at the southern end of Florida's peninsula, dropped 2-4 inches of rain, and caused damage to crops in southern Miami-Dade County. The storm then moved parallel to the Eastern Seaboard before skirting Cape Cod, Massachusetts and the east coast of Maine.^[2]

[edit] April

• April 20, 2003 - An area of low pressure formed by the interaction of an upper-level trough and a surface frontal trough, which brought moisture from the Caribbean into the system and caused rain in Puerto Rico, while 240 miles (390 km) south-southwest of Bermuda.^[3][4] The non-tropical low moved northward and it began producing sporadic convection, and it then turned to the northwest, but then looped southeast and separated from the surface trough. It developed into a subtropical storm while 250 miles (400 km) west of Bermuda. After a upper-level warm core formed over the system it became Tropical Storm Ana, and Ana later reached peak strength of 60 mph (95 km/h).^[3] Upper-level wind shear removed much of it's convection, the upper-level system then separated and the storm reorganized with a eye-like feature. However, it once again weakened due to wind shear, became extratropical, and lost its identity near the Azores.^[3][5][6] Ana dropped 2.63 inches (67 mm) of rain at Bermuda International Airport over a six-day period, and two died as a result of their boat capizing at Jupiter Inlet, Florida.^[7][8]
• April 21, 1992 - A low- to mid-level low pressure area separated from the prevailing westerlies about 600 miles (1100 km) southeast of Bermuda; after organizing and a low-level circulation forming it developed into a subtropical depression and later into Subtropical Storm One.^[9] With a large area of convection in its eastern sector, the cyclone attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).^[10] As a trough approached it, it decelerated as its convection diminished, soon became stationary, and weakened into a depression as strong upper-level wind shear affected it.^[11][9] It moved east-northeastward, still maintaining a small amount of deep convection, but it soon dissipated, maintaining an eastward course.^[9][12]

[edit] May

• May 6-May 9, 1981 - A system moved across from the Pacific, across Central America, into the Atlantic, and soon developed into a tropical depression with a low-level circulation. It then strengthened into Tropical Storm Arlene, with deep convection near the center, crossed eastern Cuba, and weakened into a depression. Arlene dissipated east of the Bahamas and merged with a cloud mass.^[13]
• May 9, 2007 - An upper level trough moved southward through the western Atlantic Ocean, which forced a cold front to the south to move southwestward.^[14] A well-defined low with a big circulation developed 90 miles (140 km) east of Cape Hatteras. It had scattered convection and the extratropical storm initially moved southeastward, then to the southwest, and it gained hurricane-force winds.^[15][16] Hurricane specialists soon felt the storm was acquiring subtropical characteristics, and a Hurricane Hunters flight later showed winds of 45 mph (70 km/h). Based on this and other observations the low was classified as Subtropical Storm Andrea while 150 miles (240 km) northeast of Daytona Beach, Florida.^[17] After becoming subtropical, Andrea was embedded in a stationary deep-layer trough, causing the storm to move west. The cyclone moved over waters of 77º F (25º C) and less, and began to disorganize and lose convection.^[18][5] The disorganization caused it to weaken, it was soon downgraded to a subtropical depression, and advisories were ended while the system was 80 miles (125 km) northeast of Cape Canaveral, Florida.^[19][20][12] Andrea likely caused six indirect deaths, four of whom were never found, and winds from it aided wildfires in northern Florida and southern Georgia.^{[21][22][23][24]}
• May 15, 1951 - A subtropical depression formed 300 miles (480 km) south of Bermuda, and quickly moved northwest, then turned west-southwest. It strengthened into a tropical storm, 125 miles (200 km) east of Daytona Beach, Florida, and further into a hurricane later that day.^[25][26] Hurricane Able moved northeast and then northward and its eye increased in diameter to 20 miles (32 km), as its sustained wind speed peaked at 115 mph (185 km/h). It passed about 70 miles (110 km) east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and then turned east and deterorated over cooler waters.^[26]
• May 17-May 27, 1970 - A weak tropical depression formed in the southwest Caribbean and slowly organized as it moved northward. It rapidly deepened, soon became Hurricane Alma, and reached its peak intensity of 80 mph (130 km/h). Westerly shear soon weakened the system, it quickly became a depression, and later dissipated. Seven deaths resulted in central and eastern Cuba, as a result of heavy rain which caused flash flooding.^[27]
• May 21-May 25, 1976 - An interaction between a trough and a stationary front caused the development of scattered cloudiness and showers over the Gulf of Mexico and the northwest Caribbean. An area of low pressure developed, became stationary, and soon strengthened into Subtropical Storm One. The storm then accelerated east-northeast, quickly crossed north Florida and southwest Georgia, and merged into a frontal system after crossing into the Atlantic.^[28]
• May 23-May 29, 1972 - A broad area of low pressure moved northeastward from the east coast of Florida towards Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, where its forward motion was blocked a high pressure ridge. It was pushed southward and a small well-defined area of low pressure quickly developed into Subtropical Storm Alfa, as it reached gale force winds. It soon made landfall south of Brunswick, Georgia, with a small region of subtropical storm force winds.^[29]
• May 28-June 2, 1959 - An easterly wave centered over the Dominican Republic moved into the northwest Caribbean with a weak circulation. A pressure gradient built up extensively in and near the Florida Straits, impacting the area with wind. The center of the storm moved into the southeast Gulf of Mexico, developed a low level circulation, and it became Tropical Storm Arlene. The storm then moved westward, soon stationary, and then made landfall in southern Louisiana. It weakened significantly afterward, and the center moved northeast across northern Alabama and Georgia. Arlene caused rainfall from southeast Louisiana to northern Georgia, which caused severe flooding and crop damage.^[30]

[edit] December

• December 4, 2003 - A low pressure area developed just to the north of Panama within the area of a stationary front, and an anticyclone above provided good inflow.^[31][32] The low remained stationary for days, slowly separated from the front, and convection began to increase due to moisture from the eastern Pacific Ocean and some divergence.^[33] The system severely weakened due to wind sheer, but convection redeveloped as the storm drifted to the northeast.^[34][35] After a mid-level circulation developed north of the surface center, convection increased and organized further as a tropical wave met the area. It developed into a tropical depression while 345 miles (560 km) south of Kingston, Jamaica, and the convection soon organized into a central dense overcast.^[31] The depression soon became Tropical Storm Odette, and it strengthened even with moderate southwesterly wind shear, and an eye feature soon formed.^[5] Odette later reached peak winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) while located about 245 miles (395 km/h) southwest of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The storm disorganized somewhat and made landfall on Jaragua National Park, in the Pedernales Province of the Dominican Republic with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). It emerged into the Atlantic weakened and soon became extratropical.^[31]
• December 7-December 9, 1953 - A tropical depression quickly developed into Tropical Storm Fourteen northeast of the Lesser Antilles. It moved westward, weakened to a tropical depression once more, and then dissipated.^[36][37]
• December 7, 2003 - An extratropical cyclone developed 1430 miles (2300 km) southwest of the Azores islands, and later as a gale developed convection near the center, the cyclone developed into a subtropical storm. As convection and rainbands continued to develop near the center of the storm, it became Tropical Storm Peter while 980 miles (1580 km) northwest of Praia in the Cape Verde islands.^[38][39] Peter soon developed an eye feature and strengthened to peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). The storm moved northward towards the same frontal system that absorbed Odette, and soon strong upper-level winds and cooler water temperatures weakened Peter. It quickly became a tropical depression, dissipated, and was absorbed by an approaching cold front.^[40]
• December 9-December 13, 1975 - An extratropical storm in the north central Atlantic exhibited subtropical traits and became Subtropical Storm Two. It moved erratically, first moving quickly southward, then curved eastward, weakened rapidly, and later dissipated.^[41]
• December 11, 2007 - A upper-level low moving westward led to the development of a surface trough east of the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. It slowly moved westward, produced some convection, began to organize, and then continued westward through an area of fairly warm sea surface temperatures.^[42][43][44] With an upper-level low just to the south of the center of the system, it became Subtropical Storm Olga while 55 miles (85 km) east of San Juan, Puerto Rico.^[45] Afterwards, it maintained a well-defined outflow, moved west-southwestward, strengthened as it paralleled the northern coast of Puerto Rico, and made landfall near Punta Cana, Dominican Republic.^[45][46] It became Tropical Storm Olga overland after a Hurricane Hunters flight discovered the storm's peak winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a tighter wind gradient.^[47] As it moved across central Hispaniola, the cyclone's convection weakened rapidly, and when it moved into the Caribbean Sea, it soon dissipated into a remnant system.^[48] Olga later moved into the Gulf of Mexico, redeveloped some convection, but soon impacted Florida with tropical storm force winds, before merging with a cold front.^[42][49] Olga caused a total of 40 deaths along its path, with one in Puerto Rico, 35 deaths in the Dominican Republic, and two in Haiti, and damage in various places.^[50][51][52]
• December 12, 1984 - A frontal trough stalled south of Bermuda, and a upper-level disturbance soon moved over it and produced widespread convection over the system. As it developed circulation within its convection, it moved to the northeast, and soon became a subtropical storm while 275 miles (440 km) northeast of Bermuda.^[53] The subtropical storm had winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), was strengthening, and drifted eastward, but was soon forced southeast by a ridge. It was forced southward as a upper-level low formed over the system, soon turned northeast as the ridge weakened, and the storm accelerated to a speed of 40 mph (65 km/h).^[54] After moving erratically, it was soon became Hurricane Lili, while 730 miles (1180 km) east of Bermuda, and reached peak strength of 80 mph (130 km/h). Lili was soon forced southwest, finished its large cyclonic loop after a week, and vertical wind shear and its high forward speed caused it to weaken. It weakened to a tropical storm while 430 miles (690 km) northeast of Antigua and dissipated just north of the Dominican Republic.^[54]
• December 29, 2005 - A tropical depression developed from a frontal trough, and into Tropical Storm Zeta as convective banding developed near the center of the storm.^[55] It weakened slightly, but soon restrengthened to 65 mph (100 km/h) winds, and defied meteorologists by not weakening quickly.^[56][57] It slowly weakened into a remnant low, and dissipated 660 miles (1060 km) southeast of Bermuda.^[55] Zeta affected crews participating in the 2005 Atlantic Rowing Race, but never affected land.^[55][58]

• December 30, 1954 - A trough extending from a front, had increased convection as it moved over 1º C (34º Fahrenheit) above-average temperature waters, and then underwent tropical cyclogenesis. It developed into a tropical depression 770 miles (1245 km) east-northeast of Barbuda in the Lesser Antilles and an area of high pressure both sent it west-southwestward and prevented cold air from reaching it from the central Atlantic Ocean. The system strengthened into a tropical storm and into Hurricane Alice the next day 475 miles (770 km) east-northeast of Barbuda. Alice continued southwest, entered the Caribbean Sea, and its eyewall moved over Saint Martin and Saba. Alice soon weakened and began to turn extratropical, and later dissipated while 100 miles (160 km) west-northwest of Grenada. Only a few islands in the Lesser Antilles received damage, due to the small size of Alice, those being Saint-Barthélemy, Saba, Anguilla, Sint Eustatius, and Saint Kitts.^[59]

[edit] References