Heliocybe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Heliocybe | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Species | ||||||||||||||||
|
H. sulcata |
Heliocybe is an agaric genus[1] closely allied to Neolentinus and the bracket fungus, Gloeophyllum, all of which cause brown rot of wood[2][3]. Heliocybe sulcata, the type and sole species, is characterized by thumb-sized, tough, revivable, often dried, mushroom fruitbodies, with a tanned symmetric pileus that is radially cracked into a cartoon sun-like pattern of arranged scales and ridges, distant serrated lamellae, and a scaly central stipe. Microscopically it differs from Neolentinus by the absence of clamp connections. Like Neolentinus, it produces abundant, conspicuous pleurocystidia. Heliocybe sulcata typically fruits on decorticated, sun-dried and cracked wood, such as fence posts and rails, vineyard trellises in Europe, branches in slash areas, and semi-arid areas such on sagebrush or on naio branches in rain shadow areas of Hawaii, or in open pine forests[4][5][6] [7].
In older classifications, H. sulcata[1] was known as Lentinus sulcatus or Panus fulvidus. However, there is strong phylogenetic evidence for the segregation of a group of brown rot causing fungi at the level of order, including Neolentinus and Heliocybe and Gloeophyllum, from the Polyporales where Lentinus and Panus are classified[2][3][8][9]. Heliocybe has also been placed into synonymy with Neolentinus, but anatomically they differ by the absence versus the presence of clamp connections[1] and phylogenetically Heliocybe is distinct, being either a sister group to Neolentinus or to a Neolentinus-Gloeophyllum-clade, or allied to Gloeophyllum odoratum[2][3][9].
[edit] Etymology
Heliocybe derives from the Greek 'helios' (= the sun) and 'cybe' (=head), and means "the sun-head". It was coined in reference to its sun-like pattern on its pileus together with its affinity to sun-baked habitats.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Redhead, S.A. & Ginns, J.H. (1985). "A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood". Trans. mycol. Soc. Japan 26: 349–381.
- ^ a b c Thorn, R.G. et al. (2000). "Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi". Mycologia 92: 241–252. doi:.
- ^ a b c Hibbett, D.S. & Donoghue, M.J. (2001). "Analysis of character correlations among wood decay mechanisms, mating systems, and substrate ranges in Homobasidiomycetes". Syst. Biol. 50: 215–242. doi:.
- ^ Redhead, S.A. (1989). "A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora". Canad. J. Bot. 67: 3003–3062. doi:.
- ^ Schalkwijk-Barendsen, H.M.E. (1991). "Mushrooms of western Canada".
- ^ Evenson, V.S. (1997). "Mushrooms of Colorado and the southern Rocky Mountains".
- ^ Hemmes, D.E. & Desjardin, D.E. (2002). "An identification guide – mushrooms of Hawai’i".
- ^ Hibbett, D.S. & Binder, M. (2002). "Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269: 1963–1969. doi:.
- ^ a b Binder, M. et al. (2005). "The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes)". Syst. Biodivers. 3: 113–157. doi:.
