Heliconius heurippa
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| Heliconius heurippa | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Heliconius heurippa (Hewitson, 1854[1]) |
Heliconius heurippa is a butterfly of the genus Heliconius that is believed to be a separate species from—but a hybrid of—the species Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene, making H. heurippa an example of hybrid speciation.[2][3]
[edit] Range
H. heurippa is found on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in Colombia.[1]
[edit] Hybridation
The color pattern of H. heurippa appears to be a combination of the patterns found on H. cydno and H. melpomene. Natural hybrids from San Cristóbal, Táchira, Venezuela, display wing patterns very similar to H. heurippa, supporting the hypothesis of a hybrid origin for the species.[4]
A team from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama attempted to recreate H. heurippa by breeding H. cydno with H. melpomene.[5] In only three generations of hybridization, the investigators developed butterflies with wing patterns almost identical to those of H. heurippa[6][7] that may be very similar to the first H. heurippa individuals.[7]
Butterflies within Heliconius are "extremely choosey" about finding mates with wing patterns that match their own,[8] and H. heurippa
H. heurippa males given a choice between mating with females of H. heurippa, H. cydno, or H. melpomene species were 75 to 90 percent more likely to choose their own kind,[5] and similarly discriminating when presented with photographs of wing patterns instead of actual mates.[7] The wing patterns of H. heurippa individuals also make them undesirable as mates for members of their parents' species as well,[8] demonstrating evidence of reproductive isolation between H. heurippa and its putative parental species.[7]
Skeptics wish to see further genetic sequencing demonstrating that wild H. heurippa is a hybrid similar to the laboratory-developed animals.[5] There is evidence to suggest that the genome of H. heurippa may be a mosaic.[9]
The species Heliconius timareta and Heliconius pachinus[9] are also proposed to result from hybridization of H. cydno and H. melpomene.[8]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Tree of Life Project: Heliconius heurippa. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
- ^ Salazar CA, Jiggins CD, Arias CF, Tobler A, Bermingham E, Linares M (2005). "Hybrid incompatibility is consistent with a hybrid origin of Heliconius heurippa Hewitson from its close relatives, Heliconius cydno Doubleday and Heliconius melpomene Linnaeus". J. Evol. Biol. 18 (2): 247–56. doi:. PMID 15715831.
- ^ Mallet J, Beltrán M, Neukirchen W, Linares M (2007). "Natural hybridization in heliconiine butterflies: the species boundary as a continuum". BMC Evol. Biol. 7: 28. doi:. PMID 17319954.
- ^ BBC NEWS: Two species become one in the lab. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
- ^ a b c Putting One and One Together. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
- ^ Mavárez J, Salazar CA, Bermingham E, Salcedo C, Jiggins CD, Linares M (2006). "Speciation by hybridization in Heliconius butterflies". Nature 441 (7095): 868–71. doi:. PMID 16778888.
- ^ a b c d Hybrids: When two species become three - life - 15 June 2006 - New Scientist. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
- ^ a b c Butterfly Speciation Event Recreated. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
- ^ a b Kronforst MR, Salazar C, Linares M, Gilbert LE (2007). "No genomic mosaicism in a putative hybrid butterfly species". Proc. Biol. Sci. 274 (1615): 1255–64. doi:. PMID 17374598.
